Effect of process parameter optimization on morphology and mechanical properties of Ti6Al4V alloy produced by selective laser melting

Du, Xinyu; Chen, Jibing; She, Yong; Liu, Yanfeng; Yang, Yang; Yang, Junsheng; Dong, Shijie

doi:10.1016/j.pnsc.2024.01.006

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…This implied that the optimal process parameter set would produce a track with a depth-to-width ratio of 0.5. If the ratio is less than 0.5, it implies poor conduction melting with a shallow depth of penetration, whereas a number greater than 0.5 suggests the keyhole effect with a V-shape profile and a depth of penetration greater than half the track width [ 26 , 49 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An overlap of 50% and above has been reported to provide good bonding between the tracks [ 44 ]. Moreover, considering the smooth top surface of the upper image shown in Figure 7 , it is expected that smooth layers with continuous tracks would result in the production of layers with good interlayer bonding [ 48 , 49 ]. The clusters of SiC particles observed at the edges of the tracks in the lower image in Figure 7 are attributed to the low density of the SiC particles, leading to their being pushed by the Marangoni forces to the edges of the melt [ 23 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At this high SiC volume fraction, however, the layer penetration is suboptimal. Such shallow penetration would not offer sufficient bonding with the prior layer, resulting in delamination [ 49 , 51 , 52 , 53 ]. Therefore, at this volume fraction of SiC, the process parameters used are not suited for building 3D-built parts.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Comparative Analysis of Low and High SiC Volume Fraction Additively Manufactured SiC/Ti6Al4V(ELI) Composites Based on the Best Process Parameters of Laser Power, Scanning Speed and Hatch Distance

Thamae,

Maringa,

du Preez

2024

Materials

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Silicon carbide (SiC) exhibits intriguing thermo-physical properties such as higher heat capacity and conductivity, as well as a lower density than Ti6Al4V(ELI). These properties make SiC a good candidate for the reinforcement of Ti6Al4V(ELI) with respect to its use as a heat shield in aero turbines to increase their efficiency. The traditional materials used in aircraft structures were required to have a combination of good mechanical properties such as strength, stiffness, and hardness and low weight, as well as low thermo-physical properties such as coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and thermal conductivity. The alloy Ti6Al4V(ELI) has a density of 4.45 g/cm3, which is lower than that of structural steel (7.4 g/cm3) and higher than that of aluminium (2.5 g/cm3). Lower density benefits light weighting. Aluminium is the lightest of the traditional materials used but has relatively low strength. The CTE of SiC of 4.6 × 10−6/K is lower than that of Ti6Al4V(ELI) of 8.6 × 10−6/K, while the density of SiC of 3.21 g/cm3 is lower than that of Ti6Al4V(ELI) of 4.45 g/cm3. Therefore, from the theory of composites, SiC/Ti6Al4V(ELI) composites are expected to have lower densities and CTEs than those of Ti6Al4V(ELI), thus providing for lightweighting and less thermal related buckling or separation at their joints with carbon/epoxy resin panels. The specific strength, stiffness, and Knoop hardness of SiC of 75–490 kNm/kg, 132 MNm/kg, and 600–3800 GPa, respectively, are generally larger than those of Ti6Al4V(ELI) of 211 KNm/kg, 24 MNm/kg, and 880 GPa, respectively. Therefore, investigating reinforcement of Ti6Al4V(ELI) with SiC particles is worthwhile as it will lead to the formation of composites that are stronger, stiffer, harder, and lighter, with lower values of CTE. For additive manufacturing, this requires initial studies to optimise the process parameters of laser power and scanning speed for single tracks. To print single tracks in the present work, different laser powers ranging from 100 W to 350 W and scanning speeds ranging from 0.3 m/s to 2.7 m/s were used for different SiC volume fraction values of values. To print single layers, different values of hatch distance were used together with the best values of laser power and scanning speed determined elsewhere by the authors for different volume fractions of SiC. Through optical microscopy, the built tracks and their cross sections were examined. By using laser power and scanning speeds of 200 W and 1.2 m/s, and 150 W and 0.8 m/s, respectively, the best tracks at 5% and 10% volume fractions were obtained, whereas the best tracks at 25% volume fraction were achieved using a laser power of 200 W and a scanning speed of 0.5 m/s. Furthermore, the results showed that the maximum SiC volume percentage of 30% resulted in limited or no penetration. Therefore, it is concluded from the study that parts with improved mechanical properties can be produced at SiC volume fractions ranging from 5% to 25%, while parts produced at the high volume fraction of 30 % would have unacceptable mechanical qualities for the final part.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Comparative Analysis of Low and High SiC Volume Fraction Additively Manufactured SiC/Ti6Al4V(ELI) Composites Based on the Best Process Parameters of Laser Power, Scanning Speed and Hatch Distance

Thamae,

Maringa,

du Preez

2024

Materials

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“…Titanium alloys are widely used in bone implants because of their corrosion resistance, high specific strength, and excellent mechanical properties [70,76]. Ti-6Al-4V is considered an excellent implant due to its better biocompatibility, excellent mechanical properties, and high affordability [77][78][79][80]. In addition to titanium and its alloys, tantalum also shows excellent biocompatibility, osteoconductivity, and strong corrosion resistance given the proper porosity and pore size, which makes it suitable for use as a bone implant.…”

Section: Materials For Amed Bone Scaffoldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of additively manufactured bone scaffold: a systematic review

Shi,

Chen,

Chen

et al. 2024

Biofabrication

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The application of additive manufacturing (AM) technology plays a significant role in various fields, incorporating a wide range of cutting-edge technologies such as aerospace, medical treatment, electronic information, and materials. It is currently widely adopted for medical services, national defense, and industrial manufacturing. In recent years, AM has also been extensively employed to produce bone scaffolds and implant materials. Through AM, products can be manufactured without being constrained by complex internal structures. AM is particularly advantageous in the production of macroscopically irregular and microscopically porous biomimetic bone scaffolds, with short production cycles required. In this paper, AM commonly used to produce bone scaffolds and orthopedic implants is overviewed to analyze the different materials and structures adopted for AM. The applications of antibacterial bone scaffolds and bone scaffolds in biologically relevant animal models are discussed. Also, the influence on the comprehensive performance of product mechanics, mass transfer, and biology is explored. By identifying the reasons for the limited application of existing AM in the biomedical field, the solutions are proposed. This study provides an important reference for the future development of AM in the field of orthopedic healthcare. In conclusion, various AM technologies, the requirements of bone scaffolds and the important role of AM in building bridges between biomaterials, additives, and bone tissue engineering scaffolds are described and highlighted. Nevertheless, more caution should be exercised when designing bone scaffolds and conducting in vivo trials, due to the lack of standardized processes, which prevents the accuracy of results and reduces the reliability of information.

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Development of a novel fabricating thin-walled TA2 titanium tube via high-frequency induction welding

Liu,

Chen,

Chen

et al. 2024

Progress in Natural Science: Materials International

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Effect of process parameter optimization on morphology and mechanical properties of Ti6Al4V alloy produced by selective laser melting

Cited by 5 publications

References 35 publications

A Comparative Analysis of Low and High SiC Volume Fraction Additively Manufactured SiC/Ti6Al4V(ELI) Composites Based on the Best Process Parameters of Laser Power, Scanning Speed and Hatch Distance

A Comparative Analysis of Low and High SiC Volume Fraction Additively Manufactured SiC/Ti6Al4V(ELI) Composites Based on the Best Process Parameters of Laser Power, Scanning Speed and Hatch Distance

Application of additively manufactured bone scaffold: a systematic review

Development of a novel fabricating thin-walled TA2 titanium tube via high-frequency induction welding

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