Effect of process conditions on recovery of lithium and boron from water using bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BMED)

Bunani, Samuel; Arda, Müşerref; Kabay, Nalan; Yoshizuka, Kazuharu; Nishihama, Syouhei

doi:10.1016/j.desal.2017.04.017

Cited by 104 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…As shown in Figure 2, when a current was applied to the membrane stack, the water in the bipolar membrane was split to produce hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions [20]. The lithium ions in the salt chamber passed through the cation-exchange membrane and combined with the hydroxide ions in the alkali chamber to form lithium hydroxide [31,32]. At the same time, the bromide ions passed through the anion-exchange membrane and combined with the hydrogen ions in the acid chamber to form hydrobromic acid.…”

Section: Effect Of Current Densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Recycling Lithium from Waste Lithium Bromide to Produce Lithium Hydroxide

et al. 2021

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Lithium resources face risks of shortages owing to the rapid development of the lithium industry. This makes the efficient production and recycling of lithium an issue that should be addressed immediately. Lithium bromide is widely used as a water-absorbent material, a humidity regulator, and an absorption refrigerant in the industry. However, there are few studies on the recovery of lithium from lithium bromide after disposal. In this paper, a bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BMED) process is proposed to convert waste lithium bromide into lithium hydroxide, with the generation of valuable hydrobromic acid as a by-product. The effects of the current density, the feed salt concentration, and the initial salt chamber volume on the performance of the BMED process were studied. When the reaction conditions were optimized, it was concluded that an initial salt chamber volume of 200 mL and a salt concentration of 0.3 mol/L provided the maximum benefit. A high current density leads to high energy consumption but with high current efficiency; therefore, the optimum current density was identified as 30 mA/cm2. Under the optimized conditions, the total economic cost of the BMED process was calculated as 2.243 USD·kg−1LiOH. As well as solving the problem of recycling waste lithium bromide, the process also represents a novel production methodology for lithium hydroxide. Given the prices of lithium hydroxide and hydrobromic acid, the process is both environmentally friendly and economical.

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Section: Effect Of Current Densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Recycling Lithium from Waste Lithium Bromide to Produce Lithium Hydroxide

et al. 2021

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“…In the case of lithium, its recovery from waste streams has been studied using conventional electrodialysis [ 23 ] and bipolar membrane electrodialysis [ 21 , 24 , 25 , 26 ], generally recovering lithium in dilute LiOH solutions. Few works have been reported whose main focus is the production of lithium hydroxide by electromembrane processes [ 27 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application and Analysis of Bipolar Membrane Electrodialysis for LiOH Production at High Electrolyte Concentrations: Current Scope and Challenges

et al. 2021

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The objective of this work was to evaluate obtaining LiOH directly from brines with high LiCl concentrations using bipolar membrane electrodialysis by the analysis of Li+ ion transport phenomena. For this purpose, Neosepta BP and Fumasep FBM bipolar membranes were characterized by linear sweep voltammetry, and the Li+ transport number in cation-exchange membranes was determined. In addition, a laboratory-scale reactor was designed, constructed, and tested to develop experimental LiOH production tests. The selected LiCl concentration range, based on productive process concentrations for Salar de Atacama (Chile), was between 14 and 34 wt%. Concentration and current density effects on LiOH production, current efficiency, and specific electricity consumption were evaluated. The highest current efficiency obtained was 0.77 at initial concentrations of LiOH 0.5 wt% and LiCl 14 wt%. On the other hand, a concentrated LiOH solution (between 3.34 wt% and 4.35 wt%, with a solution purity between 96.0% and 95.4%, respectively) was obtained. The results of this work show the feasibility of LiOH production from concentrated brines by means of bipolar membrane electrodialysis, bringing the implementation of this technology closer to LiOH production on a larger scale. Moreover, being an electrochemical process, this could be driven by Solar PV, taking advantage of the high solar radiation conditions in the Atacama Desert in Chile.

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“…Acid and base solutions will be produced at the corresponding compartment of a BMED stack. For this case, BMED has been widely used for organic and inorganic acid/base production, environmental protection, and resources isolation, especially for the industrial development of zero emissions [1,2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although most of the components in the wastewater can be reclaimed by the BMED process, the biggest problem is the low yield of sulfuric acid recovery, which limits the application of BMED in industrial wastewater treatment [11]. To increase the acid concentration, Zhang et al [12] proposed filling a strong acid resin into the acid chamber to increase the acid concentration and explored the method of the energy-saving producing weak acid by BMED with the three-compartment configuration, thus enhancing the concentration of acid production (from 0.14 to 0.16 mol/L) with relatively high current density and relatively low energy consumption at the current density of 70 mA/cm 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Novel Strategy for Increasing the Efficiency and Yield of the Bipolar Membrane Electrodialysis by the Double Conjugate Salts Stress

et al. 2020

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To improve sulfuric acid recovery from sodium sulfate wastewater, a lab-scale bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BMED) process was used for the treatment of simulated sodium sulfate wastewater. In order to increase the concentration of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) generated during the process, a certain concentration of ammonium sulfate solution was added into the feed compartment. To study the influencing factors of sulfuric acid yield, we prepared different concentrations of ammonium sulfate solution, different feed solution volumes, and different membrane configurations in this experiment. As it can be seen from the results, when adding 8% (NH4)2SO4 into 15% Na2SO4 under the experimental conditions where the current density was 50 mA/cm2, the concentration of H2SO4 increased from 0.89 to 1.215 mol/L, and the current efficiency and energy consumption could be up to 60.12% and 2.59 kWh/kg, respectively. Furthermore, with the increase of the volume of the feed compartment, the concentration of H2SO4 also increased. At the same time, the configuration also affects the final concentration of the sulfuric acid; in the BP-A-C-BP (“BP” means bipolar membrane, “A” means anion exchange membrane, and “C” means cation exchange membrane; “BP-A-C-BP” means that two bipolar membranes, an anion exchange membrane, and a cation exchange membrane are alternately arranged to form a repeating unit of the membrane stack) configuration, a higher H2SO4 concentration was generated and less energy was consumed. The results show that the addition of the double conjugate salt is an effective method to increase the concentration of acid produced in the BMED process.

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Effect of process conditions on recovery of lithium and boron from water using bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BMED)

Cited by 104 publications

References 14 publications

Recycling Lithium from Waste Lithium Bromide to Produce Lithium Hydroxide

Recycling Lithium from Waste Lithium Bromide to Produce Lithium Hydroxide

Application and Analysis of Bipolar Membrane Electrodialysis for LiOH Production at High Electrolyte Concentrations: Current Scope and Challenges

The Novel Strategy for Increasing the Efficiency and Yield of the Bipolar Membrane Electrodialysis by the Double Conjugate Salts Stress

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