Effect of Probiotics Supplementation on Bone Mineral Content and Bone Mass Density

Abstract

A few studies in animals and a study in humans showed a positive effect of probiotic on bone metabolism and bone mass density. Most of the investigated bacteria were Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium . The positive results of the probiotics were supported by the high content of dietary calcium and the high amounts of supplemented probiotics. Some of the principal mechanisms include (1) increasing mineral solubility due to production of short chain fatty acids; (2) producing phytase enzyme by bacteria to overcome the effect of mineral depressed by phytate; (3) reducing intestinal inflammation followed by increasing bone mass density; (4) hydrolysing glycoside bond food in the intestines by Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria. These mechanisms lead to increase bioavailability of the minerals. In conclusion, probiotics showed potential effects on bone metabolism through different mechanisms with outstanding results in the animal model. The results also showed that postmenopausal women who suffered from low bone mass density are potential targets to consume probiotics for increasing mineral bioavailability including calcium and consequently increasing bone mass density.

Gut Microbiome and Bone: to Build, Destroy, or Both?

“…This protection was associated with altered pro-osteoclastogenic cytokines 28 . In contrast, in a rat Ovx model, Parvaneh et al showed that Bifidobacterium longum supplementation increased BMD, but rather than decreasing bone resorption markers they observed an increase in bone formation 29,30 .…”

Gut microbiota induce IGF-1 and promote bone formation and growth

“…Consistent with this, Sjogren et al found that bacterial colonization of young adult GF animals resulted in loss of trabecular bone mass and an increase in bone-resorbing osteoclasts (13). However, other studies have suggested that treatment with beneficial microbes modestly increases bone mineral density (21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26) and protects against bone loss after sex steroid deficiency (27). Discrepant results in studies examining the effect of microbiota on bone may reflect differences in the composition of the resident microbiota, age of the animal at colonization and necropsy, mouse strain, and sex.…”

The Mechanism of Decreased Serum Phosphorus Levels in Rats with Chronic Kidney Disease after Oral Administration of <i>Bifidobacterium longum</i>

“…Furthermore, it was reported that bifidobacteria treatment increased bone Ca content and bone strength together with increased cecal propionate concentration in normal rats [23]. One of the mechanisms for the bone-effect of probiotics was considered to be due to increased mineral solubility by the production of SCFAs [24]. Indeed, the present study showed that B-HD treatment prevented reduction of serum Ca levels, whereas a significant reduction was observed in Nx + placebo.…”