Effect of probiotics on vaccine antibody responses in infancy – a randomized placebo‐controlled double‐blind trial

Kukkonen, Kaarina; Nieminen, Tea; Poussa, Tuija; Savilahti, Erkki; Kuitunen, Mikael

doi:10.1111/j.1399-3038.2006.00420.x

Cited by 89 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…A significant reduction of infant eczema has been reported by Kalliomaki et al [12], Isolauri et al [13] and Abrahamson et al [14]. Osborn and Sinn [15 ]and Kukkonen et al [16 ]describe an insignificant effect of lactobacilli administration on overall allergy incidence rates in infants. Several studies describe positive effects of infant intestinal colonization by non-pathogenic E. coli strains.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Prevention of Allergy in Infants of Allergic Mothers by Probiotic <i>Escherichia coli</i>

Lodinová-Žádníková

Prokešová

Kocourková

et al. 2010

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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Background: The objective is to study the effect of after-birth oral colonization by a probiotic Escherichia coli strain in infants of allergic mothers to reduce occurrence of allergy later in life. Methods: In a controlled clinical trial, 158 infants were randomly divided into groups of (i) 56 colonized infants of allergic mothers, (ii) 57 control infants of allergic mothers, and (iii) 45 control infants of healthy mothers. Incidence rates of bacterial pathogens in stool and levels of anti-E. coli immunoglobulins and some cytokines in serum were determined, and secretory IgA was monitored in stool filtrates and maternal milk. Clinical check-ups of infants aged 4 days, 3 and 6 months, 2, 3 and 5 years were carried out and clinical symptoms of allergy were monitored. One milliliter of the probiotic E. coli strain was administered to infants of allergic mothers at first within 48 h after birth and subsequently 3 times a week over a period of 4 weeks. Control infants of allergic and healthy mothers were monitored in these intervals as well. Results: Presence of the E. coli strain was monitored in stool samples throughout the study. At the conclusion of the study, allergy symptoms were found in 14 infants of control allergic mothers, 7 infants of healthy mothers, and in 2 colonized infants of allergic mothers. Colonization affected levels of several cytokines and specific anti-E. coli antibodies. Conclusions: After birth, targeted colonization of the intestine by a probiotic E. coli strain can be an effective means of allergy prevention in infants of allergic mothers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Prevention of Allergy in Infants of Allergic Mothers by Probiotic <i>Escherichia coli</i>

Lodinová-Žádníková

Prokešová

Kocourková

et al. 2010

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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“…Feeding of probiotics, especially of species of Lactobacillus, has been shown to reduce the frequency of diarrhea in undernourished children (65) and the duration of diarrhea due to rotavirus infection (66). Direct evidence of the effect of such feeding on antiviral defense in children is its enhancement of the immunogenicity of rotavirus vaccine (67,68). Direct evidence of its effect on defense against viral infection outside the gastrointestinal tract comes from a study of BALB/ c mice, in which infant mice fed L. casei before inoculation with influenza virus fared better than their control littermates.…”

Section: Use Of Probiotics For Prevention and Treatment Of Infectiousmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Manipulation of Immune Function for Asthma Prevention: Inferences from Clinical Trials

Yoo

Tcheurekdjian

Lynch

et al. 2007

Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society

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The "hygiene hypothesis" proposes that the increase in allergic diseases in developing countries reflects a decrease in infections during childhood. Cohort studies suggest, however, that the risks of asthma are increased in children who suffer severe illness from a viral respiratory infection in infancy. This apparent inconsistency can be reconciled through consideration of epidemiologic, clinical, and animal studies. The elements of this line of reasoning are that viral infections can predispose to organ-specific expression of allergic sensitization, and that the severity of illness is shaped by the maturity of immune function, which in turn is influenced by previous contact with bacteria and viruses, whether pathogenic or not. Clinical studies of children and interventional studies of animals indeed suggest that the exposure to microbes through the gastrointestinal tract powerfully shapes immune function. Intestinal microbiota differ in infants who later develop allergic diseases, and feeding Lactobacillus casei to infants at risk has been shown to reduce their rate of developing eczema. This has prompted studies of feeding probiotics as a primary prevention strategy for asthma. We propose that the efficacy of this approach depends on its success in inducing maturation of immune function important in defense against viral infection, rather than on its effectiveness in preventing allergic sensitization. It follows that the endpoints of studies of feeding probiotics to infants at risk for asthma should include not simply tests of responsiveness to allergens, but also assessment of intestinal flora, immune function, and the clinical response to respiratory viral infection.Keywords: asthma; gastrointestinal; lactobacilli; microbes; prevention The purpose of this review is to sketch the rationale for a theory of asthma's pathogenesis. The proposed theory is that asthma is caused, at least in part, by infection, especially in infancy, by a respiratory virus, most likely a human rhinovirus (HRV). The development of asthma may thus be a function of the "asthmagenic" pathogenicity of the strains of RV causing asthma in infancy and of the efficacy of antiviral immune function at the time of infection. This review notes how the validity of this theory might be examined by adding additional outcomes to ongoing trials of feeding a "probiotic," like Lactobacillus casei, to infants as a primary prevention strategy for allergic disease. Space constraint does not permit more than a brief, partial review

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“…paracasei CRL431, 173 a combination of probiotics (LGG, L. rhamnosus LC705, B. breve Bbi99, and P. freudenreichii ssp. shermanii) plus galactooligosaccharides, 174 and L. paracasei ssp. paracasei F19.…”

Section: Probiotic Supplementation In Healthy Volunteersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probiotics and immunity

et al. 2009

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Probiotics are defi ned as live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefi t on the host, including the gastrointestinal tract. While this benefi cial effect was originally thought to stem from improvements in the intestinal microbial balance, there is now substantial evidence that probiotics can also provide benefi ts by modulating immune functions. In animal models, probiotic supplementation is able to provide protection from spontaneous and chemically induced colitis by downregulating infl ammatory cytokines or inducing regulatory mechanisms in a strain-specifi c manner. In animal models of allergen sensitization and murine models of asthma and allergic rhinitis, orally administered probiotics can straindependently decrease allergen-specifi c IgE production, in part by modulating systemic cytokine production. Certain probiotics have been shown to decrease airway hyperresponsiveness and infl ammation by inducing regulatory mechanisms. Promising results have been obtained with probiotics in the treatment of human infl ammatory diseases of the intestine and in the prevention and treatment of atopic eczema in neonates and infants. However, the fi ndings are too variable to allow fi rm conclusions as to the effectiveness of specifi c probiotics in these conditions.

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Effect of probiotics on vaccine antibody responses in infancy – a randomized placebo‐controlled double‐blind trial

Cited by 89 publications

References 30 publications

Prevention of Allergy in Infants of Allergic Mothers by Probiotic <i>Escherichia coli</i>

Prevention of Allergy in Infants of Allergic Mothers by Probiotic <i>Escherichia coli</i>

Microbial Manipulation of Immune Function for Asthma Prevention: Inferences from Clinical Trials

Probiotics and immunity

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