Effect of Prior Cold Work on the Martensite Transformation in SAE 52100

Beswick, John M.

doi:10.1007/bf02645115

Cited by 48 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…This is due to the significant dissolution of cementite and refining of prior austenite grain. Cementite dissolution will increase the content of C in austenite, and thus leads to the increase of austenite stability and the decrease of the martensite start temperature, which is beneficial to increase the content of retained austenite after quenching and tempering . In the meantime, the refining of austenite grain will also decrease the martensite start temperature …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lee et al proposed that twice conventional quenching could also be used to refine the prior austenite grain size. Beswick and Li et al reported that prior cold deformation before quenching would also lead to the refinement of prior austenite grain due to the formation of low angle dislocation cells in the spheroidized microstructure after cold deformation, which is favorable for increasing the austenite nucleation rate during the austenitization process of quenching treatment. Stickels reported that before subjecting to conventional quenching treatment, if the spheroidized microstructure was firstly austenitized at 1040 °C to dissolve all cementite, and then isothermally transformed to bainite or pearlite, much finer undissolved cementite would be obtained after quenching treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microstructure and Properties of 1.0C–1.5Cr Bearing Steel in Processes of Hot Rolling, Spheroidization, Quenching, and Tempering

Liu

Ren

et al. 2019

steel research int.

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A novel online subcritical spheroidization annealing technology is proposed. To verify the validity and advantage, microstructure, and properties of 1.0C-1.5Cr bearing steel in three process of hot rolling, spheroidization, quenching, and tempering are investigated. It is demonstrated that the refining of hot rolled microstructure is beneficial to obtaining finer spheroidized microstructure, which accelerates cementite dissolution during the austenitization process of subsequent quenching treatment. When the ferrite grain size of spheroidized microstructure decreases from 8.3 to 1.7 mm, and mean diameter of spheroidized cementite decreases from 0.38 to 0.22 mm, the prior austenite grain size of the microstructure quenched from 850 C decreases by about 27%, and mean diameter of undissolved cementite decreases by at least 20%. The fatigue limit of the tested steel after quenching and tempering is measured. It is increased from 789 to 986 MPa due to the comprehensive effect of the refining of both undissolved cementite and prior austenite grain, and the increase of retained austenite content in the martensite matrix.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure and Properties of 1.0C–1.5Cr Bearing Steel in Processes of Hot Rolling, Spheroidization, Quenching, and Tempering

Liu

Ren

et al. 2019

steel research int.

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“…In addition, they further improved the impact toughness of the material through a judicious combination of CR and austempering, noting that it is mainly due to the refinement of the width of bainitic ferrite [22,23]. Beswick [24] reported that CR facilitated the transformation of ferrite to austenite and decreased the martensite start (Ms) temperature. Tsuji et al [25] believed that combining CR with the phase transformation of steel had the potential to obtain a nano-scale microstructure, thus improving the mechanical properties of the material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of M50 Steel by Combining Cold Rolling with Austempering

Qian

Wang

et al. 2020

Metals

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The microstructure and mechanical properties of M50 steel subjected to combining cold rolling (CR) with austempering are investigated. The microstructure is characterized using X-ray diffraction and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The mechanical properties are measured using the uniaxial tensile and Charpy impact tests. It is observed that an excellent combination of ultimate tensile strength (2536 MPa) and impact toughness (128 J) was achieved by combining austempering with CR; of which the ultimate tensile strength increased by 10% compared with traditional martensite quenching-tempering (Q-T) specimen and the impact absorbed energy exhibited 2.3 times of that in Q-T specimen. The observation of the microstructure indicates that CR obviously refines the thickness of bainite sheaves, which is favorable for the formation of ultrafine equiaxed ferrite during tempering.

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“…Previous works were mainly focused on the ferrite recrystallization and ferrite-to-austenite transformation behaviors in globally cold-deformed steels with uniform strain, [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] or un-deformed steels [17]. Little attention has been paid to the influences of gradual change in local plastic strain within a thin deformed surface layer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Little attention has been paid to the influences of gradual change in local plastic strain within a thin deformed surface layer. Beswick [13] investigated the effect of cold deformation on ferrite-to-austenite transformation in a 1.0C-1.5Cr (mass%) bearing steel. It was found that the temperatures for the start (A c1 ) and end (A c3 ) of the ferrite-to-austenite transformation were lowered due to cold work.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Annealing Behavior of Surface-Locally Cold-Deformed Low-Carbon Steel with a Large Strain Gradient

Zhang

Matsuura

Ohno

2018

Metals

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The annealing behavior of surface-locally cold-deformed 0.2 mass% carbon steel with a large strain gradient was investigated, with special attention paid to the change in grain size. The surface local deformation was introduced by a ball-dropping (BD) model experiment. The local plastic strain profile evaluated from pure iron was used to confirm the occurrence of surface local deformation. It was found that the BD test led to severe local deformation near the surface, with a large strain gradient. Both the ferrite and as-transformed austenite exhibited a gradual change in grain size along the depth direction after annealing. The increased nucleation density of austenite in the deformed surface layer is not attributed to the increase in the density of the recrystallized ferrite–ferrite grain boundaries, but rather to the broken and dispersed cementite particles introduced by the deformation. The gradual change in ferrite and austenite grain size should be attributed to be the gradual change in the deformation degree of ferrite and perlite.

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Effect of Prior Cold Work on the Martensite Transformation in SAE 52100

Cited by 48 publications

References 9 publications

Microstructure and Properties of 1.0C–1.5Cr Bearing Steel in Processes of Hot Rolling, Spheroidization, Quenching, and Tempering

Microstructure and Properties of 1.0C–1.5Cr Bearing Steel in Processes of Hot Rolling, Spheroidization, Quenching, and Tempering

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of M50 Steel by Combining Cold Rolling with Austempering

Annealing Behavior of Surface-Locally Cold-Deformed Low-Carbon Steel with a Large Strain Gradient

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