Effect of Primer Selection on Estimates of GB Virus C (GBV-C) Prevalence and Response to Antiretroviral Therapy for Optimal Testing for GBV-C Viremia

Souza, Inara E.; Allen, Julie K.; Xiang, Jinhua; Klinzman, Donna; Díaz, R. S.; Zhang, S.; Chaloner, Kathryn; Zdunek, D.; Hess, G.; Williams, C. F.; Benning, L.; Stapleton, Jack T.

doi:10.1128/jcm.02044-06

Cited by 17 publications

(28 citation statements)

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“…Primer selection is a key point in the development of successful PCR strategies. Authors comparing genomic regions and different primers among the same target gene in the GBV-C genome concluded that the 5'UTR is the most stable and conserved region and in addition provided a valuable suggestion of "best primers" 1,3,18 . The TaqMan assay here described achieved the same sensitivity as a nested-PCR proposed by ANDONOV et al 1 , in a more convenient and automated format.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of GBV-C / HVG viremia in HIV-infected women

Silva

Rodrigues

Campos

et al. 2012

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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SUMMARYThe present study aimed at standardizing a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay to evaluate the presence of GBV-C/HGV RNA. A "TaqMan" assay using primers and probe derived from the 5′ NCR region was developed and validated. Two hundred and fifty-three plasma samples from HIV-infected women were tested for GBV-C viremia and antibody against the envelope protein 2. GBV-C RNA was detected in 22.5% of the patients whereas the antibody was identified in 25.3% of the cohort. Detection of viral RNA and of antibodies was mutually exclusive. Viral loads showed a mean of 1,777 arbitrary units / mL, being 1.1 and 13,625 arbitrary units / mL respectively the lowest and highest values measured. We conclude that the real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction method developed is appropriate for the investigation of GBV-C RNA since it was shown to be highly specific and sensitive, as well as requiring few steps, preventing contamination and providing additional information as to the relative viremia of carriers, a parameter that must be included in studies evaluating the co-factors influencing the clinical outcome of HIV/AIDS.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of GBV-C / HVG viremia in HIV-infected women

Silva

Rodrigues

Campos

et al. 2012

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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“…The differences among the studies could be due to several reasons, including the fact that GBV-C testing is not standardized and each study used a different primer for a qualitative test. A recent study [35] indicates that the sensitivity and specificity of each test vary and that the sensitivity of one particular test depends on GBV-C RNA levels. This motivates the need for an analysis that has the ability to account for the possibly differing effects of GBV-C infection within each population.…”

Section: Case Studymentioning

confidence: 98%

A Bayesian analysis of doubly censored data using a hierarchical Cox model

Zhang

Chaloner

Cowles

et al. 2007

Statistics in Medicine

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Two common statistical problems in pooling survival data from several studies are addressed. The first problem is that the data are doubly censored in that the origin is interval censored and the endpoint event may be right censored. Two approaches to incorporate the uncertainty of interval-censored origins are developed, and then compared with more usual analyses using imputation of a single fixed value for each origin. The second problem is that the data are collected from multiple studies and it is likely that heterogeneity exists among the study populations. A random-effects hierarchical Cox proportional hazards model is therefore used. The scientific problem motivating this work is a pooled survival analysis of data sets from three studies to examine the effect of GB virus type C (GBV-C) coinfection on survival of HIV-infected individuals. The time of HIV infection is the origin and for each subject this time is unknown, but is known to lie later than the last time at which the subject was known to be HIV negative, and earlier than the first time the subject was known to be HIV positive. The use of an approximate Bayesian approach using the partial likelihood as the likelihood is recommended because it more appropriately incorporates the uncertainty of interval-censored HIV infection times.

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“…These results can also be compared to the 10% infection rate reported in Brazil, and the 14.6% found in Bolivia [9,22] . Differences in the stated infection rates can be interpreted in many ways: the number of blood samples tested, method of detection used (antibody vs. PCR), and region amplified by PCR and primers used [6,20,23] . Also, geographic backgrounds of individuals tested, and the skills of technicians are other methods of interpretation [24,25] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rates of Infection and Phylogenetic Analysis of GB Virus-C among Kuwaiti and Jordanian Blood Donors

et al. 2010

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Objectives: GB virus-C/hepatitis G virus (GBV-C/HGV), collectively known as GBV-C, has been reported to be associated with non-A-E hepatitis. The aim of this study was to determine the rate of infection and genotypic characteristics of GBV-C among Kuwaiti and Jordanian blood donors. Methods: A total of 334 plasma/serum samples from healthy blood donors in Kuwait (n = 130) and Jordan (n = 204) were screened using RT-PCR/nested PCR of the 5′-untranslated region (5′-UTR). Phylogenetic analysis was conducted by sequencing the 5′-UTR region of the randomly picked clones representative of the two populations. Results: The results obtained showed that the rate of GBV-C infection in healthy Kuwaiti and Jordanian blood donors was 24.6 and 9.8%, respectively. Sequence analysis of the 5′-UTR using 4 and 6 clones from healthy Kuwaiti and Jordanian blood donors, respectively, revealed the prevalence of the European/North American genotype 2 when compared to the 6 reference genotypes in GenBank. Conclusion: GBV-C/HGV was detectable at rates relatively comparable with other regions in the world in Kuwaiti and Jordanian blood donors, although the significance of which remains controversial. More interesting is the dominance of GBV-C genotype 2 among the two populations, which remains to be explained.

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Effect of Primer Selection on Estimates of GB Virus C (GBV-C) Prevalence and Response to Antiretroviral Therapy for Optimal Testing for GBV-C Viremia

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

Evaluation of GBV-C / HVG viremia in HIV-infected women

Evaluation of GBV-C / HVG viremia in HIV-infected women

A Bayesian analysis of doubly censored data using a hierarchical Cox model

Rates of Infection and Phylogenetic Analysis of GB Virus-C among Kuwaiti and Jordanian Blood Donors

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