Effect Of Preheating And Different Moisture Content Of Input Materials On Durability Of Pellets Made From Different Phytomass Content

Abstract

Acta Technologica Agriculturae 1/2015 Miroslav MACÁK et al.Increasing concerns about climate change mitigation and rising oil prices are creating an unprecedented interest in the development of economical and convenient renewable energy fuels. Recent advances in biomass feedstock development and conversion technologies have created new opportunities for using agricultural land as a means of producing these renewable fuels in larger quantities than relying on wood and agricultural residues alone. Dedicated agricultural feedstocks such as wheat straw, maize stover, rape stover, switch grass, miscanthus, etc. and short rotation willow can abate with high quality petroleum running out in the next 50 years. World governments and the petrochemical industry alike are looking at biomass as a substitute refinery feedstock for liquid fuels and other bulk chemicals. New large plantations are being established in many countries, mostly in the tropics, but also in China, North America, Northern and Central Europe, and also in Russia (Samson et al., 2000). From a total energy use standpoint, however, biomass provides a relatively small percentage of the world's current energy needs. Most of the total energy use is found in more developed countries, not in regions with large populations. Biomass has the potential to provide a much greater share of the world's energy, particularly in the USA. Renewable biomass removes CO 2 from the atmosphere for biomass production and then releases this CO 2 back into the atmosphere when burned.There are different methods of biomass processing for energy purposes. In last years, the pelleting of biomass has become the most used technology for processing of biomass. There are different systems of pellets manufacturing, but the efficiency of biomass using depends upon the type of biomass. Pellets are usually made of lucerne, miscanthus, maize stover, wheat straw, and prickly lettuce.Lucerne pellets have been known to generate dust and fines because of repeated handling and transport. During transport, this product loses or gains moisture, which may affect its quality. Therefore, there is a need to manufacture pellets that are not prone to breakage but still can be palatable to animals. Tabil (1996) conducted an experiment to determine the effect of chop quality, process and machine variables on the quality of lucerne pellets. Three different qualities of lucerne chops, namely low, intermediate and high quality, were used in the experiment.An experiment was conducted by Mani et al. (2004), where maize stover was compacted in a piston cylinder with three pressures, i.e. 5, 10, and 15 MPa, at three moisture content levels, i.e. 5, 10, and 15 % (wb), to produce briquettes. The total energy requirement to compress and extrude briquette was in the range of 12-30 MJ.t -1 . The briquette density was in the range of 650-950 kg.m -3 , increasing with pressure and biomass moisture. Moisture content and pressure had a significant effect on briquette density, durability and stability. Maize stover produced h...

Characterization of Tablets Made from Mixture of Charred Agricultural Residues with and Without Embedded Fertilizer

“…This indicates that tableting enables binding and compressing of the biochar particles to increase the densities of BTs and BFs. Handling, transporting and storing of biochar are influenced by its durability (Weber and Quicker, 2018;Macák et al, 2015). The tablet durability of BTs and BFs fall in the range of high durability reported by Adapa et al (2003).…”

Use of Dynamic Time Warping for Description of Combustion Process in a Biomass Boiler

“…Considering all the studied experiments, spruce wood pellets with bark were used for the fuel purposes to ensure the fuel standardisation with limitations noted by Macák et al (2015). The operation was further monitored by a laboratory PC, which also served for storing the data from measurements and control system.…”

Formation of Crop Yields of Energy Crops Depending on the Soil and Weather Conditions

“…Their research in the US and India showed that the conversion of crop residues to organic carbon and CO 2 is more of a conservation process occurring around the world. Mathematical calculations determined that the carbon intensity and the amount of CO 2 from plant residues per unit of energy in biofuels does not depend on the amount of residue removed and the location of the raw materials (Macák et al, 2015). According to Thakrar et al (2018), the economic impact of the use of bio resources is partially dependent on the ability of the management to strategically identify land for the transition from current use to obtaining of raw materials for bio resource production.…”

“…,Kurylo et al (2013), Ben Fradj et al (2020, andMacák et al (2015) argue that, in contrast to agro-technical measures, cultivation conditions make a significant contribution to the yields of millet switchgrass and giant miscanthus. Therefore, this publication focuses on the study of the influence of soil and weather conditions of vegetation on the energy crop yields.…”