Effect of pregnancy on heart rate/oxygen consumption calibration curves

Pivarnik, James M.; Stein, Aryeh D.; Rivera, José A.

doi:10.1097/00005768-200205000-00004

Cited by 36 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…However, the predictive equations for energy expenditure used here had low accuracy in the pregnant women participating in the study. The results obtained suggested a weak correlation between energy expenditure measured by indirect calorimetry and that predicted with the equations of Hronek et al 10 for BMR and of Pivarnik et al 11 for exercise. For the development of the predictive equation for resting energy expenditure, Hronek et al 10 followed up 31 women throughout pregnancy and validated the equation in 121 pregnant women.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…The level of comfort of the woman was used as a parameter for adjustment. In contrast to the present study that did not involve physically active women, Pivarnik et al 11 combined active and sedentary pregnant women to determine the influence of pregnancy on energy expenditure during exercise because they had not found a significant difference between these two groups. However, in the present study the equation proposed for women at 20 weeks gestation exhibited a descending pattern in the diagram (Figure 2) when the participants walked on the treadmill at the same pre-defined intensity sustained for 20 minutes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…Furthermore, this overestimated pattern of BMR may lead to the recommendation of greater calorie intake, shifting the energy balance toward excessive weight gain, a current public health problem 20,21 . With respect to the predictive equation for energy expenditure during exercise, Pivarnik et al 11 investigated heart rate/oxygen consumption (VO 2 ) calibration curves and their effect on energy expenditure during exercise. The study involved 52 pregnant women, including 27 women who had been physically active in the last 6 months.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Exercise and regular physical activity have been encouraged in pregnant women and it is therefore important to determine their energy expenditure in a practical and applicable manner. Within this context, Hronek et al 10 developed an equation for the calculation of resting energy expenditure in pregnant women, and Pivarnik et al 11 proposed equations for the indirect calculation of energy expenditure during walking according to trimester of gestation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This equation refers to pregnant women at 20 weeks gestation 2) Equation of Pivarnik et al The same procedure as adopted in the study of Stein et al 4 was used to convert the value of the unit of the Pivarnik et al 11 …”

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confidence: 99%

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Comparação entre equações preditivas do gasto calórico de gestantes em repouso e exercício

Fernandes

Takito

2015

Rev. Bras. Cineantropom. Desempenho Hum.

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-The regular changes that occur during pregnancy increase energy expenditure at rest and during exercise. Prediction models are practical tools that facilitate the estimation of energy expenditure. The objective of this study was to analyze the reliability of prediction models of energy expenditure for pregnant women in two situations, at rest and during light-intensity exercise, compared to indirect calorimetry. Energy expenditure was measured in 10 pregnant women during the second trimester of gestation (23.5 ± 3.7 weeks) at rest and during light-intensity treadmill walking (4 km/h) using indirect calorimetry and the prediction models proposed by Hronek (rest) and Pivarnik (exercise). The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland-Altman plots were used for comparison of the methods. A low correlation was observed at rest and during exercise [ICC=0.531 (-0.185; 0.814) and ICC=0.124 (-1.213; 0.653), respectively]. At rest, daily energy expenditure tended to be overestimated with increasing indirect calorimetry values. During exercise, the equation tended to underestimate the energy expenditure of pregnant women as it increased. In conclusion, the prediction models analyzed showed a low correlation with indirect calorimetry, overestimating daily energy expenditure at rest and underestimating energy expenditure during light-intensity exercise. Thus, practical and low-cost tools such as predictive equations cannot always be used safely in professional practice and care should be taken to apply them to groups with altered physiological conditions, such as pregnant women. Key words: Energy metabolism; Exercise; Pregnant women. 0.814]) quanto para o exercício 0.653] Resumo -As alterações naturais características da gestação resultam no aumento do gasto energético das mulheres, tanto durante o repouso quanto durante o exercício. As equações de predição surgem como ferramentas práticas para facilitar a estimativa desse dispêndio de energia, importante ao equilíbrio energético adequado e saudável deste período. O estudo teve como objetivo analisar a confiabilidade de equações de predição do gasto calórico desenvolvidas para gestantes no repouso e na atividade física de intensidade leve quando comparadas à calorimetria indireta. Obteve-se o gasto calórico de 10 mulheres no segundo trimestre gestacional (23.5±3.7 semanas), durante o repouso e na caminhada (4 km/h) por calorimetria indireta, comparando-o com o valor obtido nas equações de Hronek para o repouso, e de Pivarnik para a caminhada. Para a comparação, foi realizado o coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (CCI) e a análise gráfica de

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparação entre equações preditivas do gasto calórico de gestantes em repouso e exercício

Fernandes

Takito

2015

Rev. Bras. Cineantropom. Desempenho Hum.

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Cardiopulmonary exercise testing during pregnancy

Wowdzia

Davenport

2020

Birth Defects Research

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The goal of this review is to examine practical considerations when conducting cardiopulmonary exercise testing during pregnancy. In a clinical and research setting, cardiopulmonary exercise testing during pregnancy is valuable in identifying underlying cardiopulmonary conditions, stratifying the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, as well as establishing exercise tolerance/limitations. This review encompasses information regarding the unique physiological adaptations that occur throughout gestation (e.g., changes in resting heart rate, blood pressure, glucose, etc.) and how these adaptations impact the interpretation of physiological measurements. There are also key concerns that are unique to pregnant populations that should be considered when participating in exercise (i.e., fetus, ventilation, thermoregulation, urinary incontinence, low back pain, and pelvic girdle pain). This step‐by‐step review of cardiopulmonary exercise testing outlines pregnancy related adjustments to standardized methods (i.e., screening/documentation, pre‐ and post‐test measurements, protocol specifics, modality selection, and fetal monitoring) which should be considered for the safety of both the participant and fetus. Currently, pregnancy specific exercise testing guidelines are lacking. Therefore, we will be discussing the limitations of current recommendations such as a safe cut off for resting heart rate and pregnancy specific test termination criteria.

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A narrative review of exercise dose during pregnancy

Claiborne,

Jevtovic,

May

2023

Birth Defects Research

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The current recommendations for prenatal exercise dose align with those from the American College of Sports Medicine; 150 min of moderate intensity every week of pregnancy. However, recent works suggest there may be a dose‐dependent beneficial effect for mother and offspring; maternal and offspring health outcomes respond differently to low, medium, and high doses of prenatal exercise. It is, therefore, our aim to summarize the published evidence (years 1950–2023) for five metrics of prenatal exercise training commonly reported, that is, “FITT‐V”: Frequency (number of sessions), Intensity (metabolic equivalents “METs”), Time (duration of sessions), Type (exercise mode), Volume (exercise MET*mins). The target audience includes clinicians and health care professionals, as well as exercise professionals and physiologists. Data suggest that moderate exercise frequency (3–4 times weekly) appears safe and efficacious for mother and offspring, while there is contradictory evidence for the safety and further benefit of increased frequency beyond 5 sessions per week. Moderate (3–6 METs) and vigorous (>6 METs) intensity prenatal exercise have been shown to promote maternal and offspring health, while little research has been performed on low‐intensity (<3 METs) exercise. Exercise sessions lasting less than 1 hr are safe for mother and fetus, while longer‐duration exercise should be carefully considered and monitored. Taken together, aerobic, resistance, or a combination of exercise types is well tolerated at medium‐to‐high volumes and offers a variety of type‐specific benefits. Still, research is needed to define (1) the “minimum” effective dose of exercise for mother and offspring health, as well as (2) the maximum tolerable dose from which more benefits may be seen. Additionally, there is a lack of randomized controlled trials addressing exercise doses during the three trimesters of pregnancy. Further, the protocols adopted in research studies should be more standardized and tested for efficacy in different populations of gravid women.

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Effect of pregnancy on heart rate/oxygen consumption calibration curves

Cited by 36 publications

References 22 publications

Comparação entre equações preditivas do gasto calórico de gestantes em repouso e exercício

Comparação entre equações preditivas do gasto calórico de gestantes em repouso e exercício

Cardiopulmonary exercise testing during pregnancy

A narrative review of exercise dose during pregnancy

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