Effect of pregnancy on gastric motility in vivo and in vitro in the guinea pig

Ryan, James P.; Bhojwani, A.; Wang, Michael B.

doi:10.1016/0016-5085(87)90309-x

Cited by 30 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Since the stimulation of CCK secretion and gallbladder contraction is supposed to be mediated mainly by food constituents reaching the duodenum, this finding is further corroborated by the similar time course of CCK secretion and gallblad der contraction seen after the ingestion of the test meal. These findings agree with ear lier studies using dye dilution techniques [7] but contrast with those obtained in pregnant animals [4], There seem to be species differ ences, and one possible explanation for these could be that even if raised progesterone lev els in pregnancy will affect gastric smooth muscle in man and mammals, hydrostatic factors might be more important in the erect human being compared to four-footed ani mals.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

“…It has not been clearly demon strated whether this is due to slow gastric emptying and/or an increased transit time in the small intestine or both. Experimental studies have demonstrated that gastric emptying is delayed in pregnant guinea pigs [4] and rats [5], but results from pregnant women are conflicting. Clark and Seager [6] studied the gastric emptying time by the up take of orally administered paracetamol in water and found that gastric emptying was decreased in women pregnant in the first tri mester.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Gastric and Gallbladder Emptying in Relation to the Secretion of Cholecystokinin after a Meal in Late Pregnancy

Rådberg

Asztély²,

Cantor³

et al. 1989

Digestion

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Gastric and gallbladder emptying was studied in response to a mixed liquid meal in 18 pregnant women and 24 controls without a history of gallbladder or liver disease. Gallbladder and gastric volumes were measured with ultrasound and calculated by the ‘sum-of-cylinders’ method. The gastric emptying of protein was estimated by nasogastric aspiration in separate groups of controls and pregnant women. In a subgroup of 9 pregnant women and 8 controls, the secretion of cholecystokinin (CCK) was also measured. Neither gastric volume reduction and emptying nor contraction of the gallbladder and CCK secretion after a liquid mixed meal differed significantly between pregnant women and controls. The gallbladder fasting volume and the residual volume after contraction, however, were significantly increased in pregnant women.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gastric and Gallbladder Emptying in Relation to the Secretion of Cholecystokinin after a Meal in Late Pregnancy

Rådberg

Asztély²,

Cantor³

et al. 1989

Digestion

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“…Gastrointestinal motility is subject to the influence of sex hormones, as indicated by the presence of gastrooesophageal reflux, prolonged oral-to-caecal transit time and biliary dysfunction during pregnancy [1][2][3], and by the identification of receptors to steroids of ovarian origin in the stomach and gastrointestinal tract of baboons and guinea-pigs [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the menstrual cycle and of menopause on the gastric emptying rate of solids in female volunteers

et al. 1993

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The aim of this study was to assess the influence of the normal menstrual cycle and of menopause on the gastric emptying rate of solids. Gastric emptying was studied in 15 premenopausal and ten postmenopausal women with an isotopic technique after the ingestion of a radiolabelled test meal. Premenopausal women were studied twice: within 1 week prior to menses and again 1 week after onset of menses. Postmenopausal women were studied only once. The emptying curves of the solid component of the meal fitted a linear model. The half-emptying time was 78 +/- 5 min during the follicular phase, 75 +/- 7 min during the luteal phase and 76 +/- 6 min in postmenopausal women (differences not statistically significant). The mean percentages of the meal retained in the stomach at different time intervals were also similar in the three groups. These results suggest that the menstrual cycle does not influence the gastric emptying rate of solids, which remains unchanged in relation to the follicular phase or after menopause.

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“…When gastric emptying was measured via the rate of paracetamol absorption in humans e.g., Whitehead et al (1993) did not find differences in first, second and third trimester pregnant women in comparison to non-pregnant women, while Simpson et al (1988) and Levy et al (1994) reported delayed gastric emptying at 12-14 weeks and 8-12 weeks of gestation, respectively. In guinea pigs, the gastric emptying of liquids was decreased when third trimester pregnant animals were compared to non-pregnant ones (Ryan et al 1987). As far as we know, no experiments on the influence of pregnancy on gastric emptying in rats were reported, Significantly different from the response before L-NAME although delaying influences of sex steroid hormones on gastric emptying in rats have been shown (Chen et al 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Investigation of the influence of pregnancy on the role of nitric oxide in gastric emptying and non-adrenergic non-cholinergic relaxation in the rat

Lefebvre

Smits

1998

Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol

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The influence of pregnancy on the role of nitric oxide (NO) in gastric emptying and in non-adrenergic non-cholinergic (NANC) relaxation was studied in rats. The gastric emptying of a non-nutrient liquid solution and of polysterene beads was studied in non-pregnant (NP), 6 to 7 days pregnant (P7) and 18 to 20 days pregnant (P20) rats. Longitudinal muscle strips of the gastric fundus and circular muscle strips of the pylorus were isolated from NP and P20 rats and NANC relaxations were induced by electrical field stimulation. The gastric emptying of the liquid meal was significantly increased in P20 rats as compared to NP and P7 rats. In NP rats, NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) dose-dependently (50-150 mg/kg i.p.) reduced the gastric liquid emptying; the inhibitory effect of 100 mg/kg L-NAME i.p. was prevented by 400 mg/kg i.p. L-arginine and was mimicked by 100 mg/kg NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA). The percentage inhibition of the liquid emptying by L-NAME did not differ between the 3 groups, except for the dose of 150 mg/kg i.p. where it was significantly lower in P20 rats. The gastric emptying of beads was 54% in NP, 36% in P7 and 69% in P20 rats but these values were not significantly different illustrating the great variability. The inhibitory effect of L-NAME (25 and 100 mg/kg i.p.) on the emptying of beads did not differ between the 3 groups. As evaluated in NP rats, the inhibitory effect of L-NAME on the gastric emptying of the beads was not prevented by L-arginine nor mimicked by L-NMMA. Electrical field stimulation in NANC conditions induced frequency-dependent relaxations in the fundus strips and relaxations followed by rebound contractions in the pyloric strips. These electrically induced NANC relaxations and their reduction by 3x 10(-4) M L-NAME were not different between NP and P20 rats. It can be concluded that no evidence for a regulatory role of NO in the gastric emptying of the beads was found, and that the nitrergic contribution to the gastric emptying of liquids and to the fundic and pyloric NANC relaxations was not influenced by pregnancy in rats.

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Effect of pregnancy on gastric motility in vivo and in vitro in the guinea pig

Cited by 30 publications

References 19 publications

Gastric and Gallbladder Emptying in Relation to the Secretion of Cholecystokinin after a Meal in Late Pregnancy

Gastric and Gallbladder Emptying in Relation to the Secretion of Cholecystokinin after a Meal in Late Pregnancy

Influence of the menstrual cycle and of menopause on the gastric emptying rate of solids in female volunteers

Investigation of the influence of pregnancy on the role of nitric oxide in gastric emptying and non-adrenergic non-cholinergic relaxation in the rat

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