Effect of Pre-Operative Short Course Famotidine on Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Colorectal Cancer: A Double Blind, Placebo Controlled, Prospective Randomized Study

Cytokine responses of intraepithelial lymphocytes are regulated by histamine H2 receptor

“…Upregulation of histamine and histidine decarboxylase are known to occur in colorectal cancers [13]. Endogenous histamine in colon cancer tissues suppresses local tumor immunity and promotes tumor growth via H 2 R signaling [46].The H 2 R antagonist famotidine enhances lymphocytic infiltration in colorectal cancer [47], and cimetidine attenuates experimental tumor growth [48]. Further, some clinical studies have found survival benefits by administering H 2 R antagonists for the treatment of colorectal cancer [49][50][51].…”

The impact of anti-inflammatory agents on the outcome of patients with colorectal cancer

“…Qualitative assessment of the lymphocytic infiltrate using immunohistochemistry have been equivocal, with one study suggesting that H2RA use increases tumour infiltration of CD3+ T-lymphocytes, particularly in patients with late stage disease(9), whereas another study examining the dose-response of cimetidine suggested that H2RAs may exert their effects through other, non-CD3+ cellular components (114). Interestingly, Kapoor et al found that preoperative use of the H2RA famotidine led to a significant increase in tumour lymphocyte infiltration in colon cancer rather than rectal cancer, with the largest effect seen in those patients with a normal pre-operative CEA (115).…”

“…Further studies of differing doses and types of H2RAs given either prior to surgery or as adjuvant treatment have only shown a non-significant trend towards improved survival (114,115,120,121), particularly in patients with Dukes C cancers (120). Subgroup analyses have identified potential patient groups who may be more likely to benefit from H2RA treatment, such as those with microsatellite instability (MSI) low tumours or tumours with a low peritumoural lymphocytic infiltrate (114).…”

Effect of tumor infiltrating lymphocyte on local control of rectal cancer after preoperative radiotherapy

“…Sorabh Kapoor M.Ch [27] reported TIL was a prognosis factor in rectal cancer, the number of TIL was relative to the recurrence. Less TIL would cause the relapse.…”