Effect of Pre-natal Runting on the Post-natal Development of Skeletal Muscles in Swine and Rats2

Hegarty, P. V. J.; Allen, C. E.

doi:10.2527/jas1978.4661634x

Cited by 74 publications

(49 citation statements)

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“…Dwyer et al (1992) suggested that a reduction in placental size might be the mechanism mediating negative effects of maternal undernutrition on birth weight and the number of secondary muscle fibres in the offspring (Handel & Stickland 1987, Dwyer et al 1994. Consistent with the earlier data of Hegarty and Allen (1978) indicating that runts have reduced muscle growth potential and needed 23 days longer to reach a weight of approximately 105 kg, Dwyer et al (1993) established a positive correlation between the total number of muscle fibres and postnatal growth potential. Furthermore, the effect of maternal nutrition was identified as occurring between days 25 and 50 of gestation, the period immediately preceding secondary muscle fibre hyperplasia (Dwyer et al 1994).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…The pathology of 'runted' or intrauterine growth retarded (IUGR) offspring has been described previously in the pig (Adams 1971, Widdowson 1971, Cooper et al 1978, Hegarty & Allen 1978, Flecknell et al 1981, and effects on the developmental potential of IUGR pigs could not be entirely explained on the basis of their lower birth weight (van der Lende & de Jager 1991). Furthermore, the extent of within-litter IUGR was already established at days 27 to 35 of gestation and the largest litters in utero generally included one or more IUGR fetuses (van der Lende et al 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Number of conceptuses in utero affects porcine fetal muscle development

Town¹,

Putman²,

Turchinsky³

et al. 2004

Reproduction

123

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Unmodified, third parity, control sows (CTR; n 5 30) or sows subjected to unilateral oviduct ligation before breeding (LIG; n 5 30), were slaughtered at either day 30 or day 90 of gestation and used to determine the effects of numbers of conceptuses in utero on prenatal, and particularly muscle fibre, development. Ovulation rate, number of conceptuses in utero, placental and fetal size, and (day 90 sows) fetal organ and semitendinosus muscle development were recorded. Tubal ligation reduced (P < 0.05) the number of viable embryos at day 30 and fetuses at day 90. Placental weight at day 30 and day 90, and fetal weight at day 90, were lower (P < 0.05) in CTR sows. All body organs except the brain were lighter, and the brain:liver weight ratio was higher in CTR fetuses (P < 0.05), indicative of brain sparing and intrauterine growth restriction in fetuses from CTR sows. Muscle weight, muscle cross-sectional area and the total number of secondary fibres were also lower (P < 0.05) in CTR fetuses. The number of primary fibres, the secondary:primary muscle fibre ratio, and the distribution of myosin heavy chainIb, -IIa, fetal and embryonic isoforms did not differ between groups. Thus, even the relatively modest uterine crowding occurring naturally in CTR sows negatively affected placental and fetal development and the number of secondary muscle fibres. Consequences of more extreme crowding in utero on fetal and postnatal development, resulting from changing patterns of early embryonic survival, merit further investigation.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Number of conceptuses in utero affects porcine fetal muscle development

Town¹,

Putman²,

Turchinsky³

et al. 2004

Reproduction

123

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This observation is confirmed by a greater quantity of intramuscular fat. Thus, in utero development associated with the generation of IUGR pigs results in postnatal effects on growth and composition of some porcine muscles (141,154,155) .…”

Section: Small For Gestational Age or Intra-uterine Growth Retardationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…IUGR piglets need more time to reach a similar BW than AGA piglets. For instance, 23 extra days are necessary for Yorkshire or Yorkshire crossbred IUGR pigs to reach 107 kg of BW (141,142) . IUGR in piglets does not have a uniform effect on all internal organs.…”

Section: Small For Gestational Age or Intra-uterine Growth Retardationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional programming of gastrointestinal tract development. Is the pig a good model for man?

Guilloteau

Zabielski²,

Hammon³

et al. 2010

Nutr. Res. Rev.

266

222

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The consequences of early-life nutritional programming in man and other mammalian species have been studied chiefly at the metabolic level. Very few studies, if any, have been performed in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) as the target organ, but extensive GIT studies are needed since the GIT plays a key role in nutrient supply and has an impact on functions of the entire organism. The possible deleterious effects of nutritional programming at the metabolic level were discovered following epidemiological studies in human subjects, and confirmed in animal models. Investigating the impact of programming on GIT structure and function would need appropriate animal models due to ethical restrictions in the use of human subjects. The aim of the present review is to discuss the use of pigs as an animal model as a compromise between ethically acceptable animal studies and the requirement of data which can be interpolated to the human situation. In nutritional programming studies, rodents are the most frequently used model for man, but GIT development and digestive function in rodents are considerably different from those in man. In that aspect, the pig GIT is much closer to the human than that of rodents. The swine species is closely comparable with man in many nutritional and digestive aspects, and thus provides ample opportunity to be used in investigations on the consequences of nutritional programming for the GIT. In particular, the 'sow -piglets' dyad could be a useful tool to simulate the 'human mother-infant' dyad in studies which examine short-, middle-and long-term effects and is suggested as the reference model.

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“…In this study, low piglet birth weight led to a larger mean fibre cross-sectional area in fast-twitch muscles at the slaughter age of 165 days. Several other studies have also shown that piglet birth weight correlates negatively with muscle fibre thickness in M. longissimus dorsi (Bee 2004, Gondret et al 2005, in M. semitendinosus (Hegarty and Allen 1978, Powell and Aberle 1981, Handel and Stickland 1987, Bee 2004, Gondret et al 2005, in M. psoas major and in M. semimembranosus Aberle 1981, Hegarty andAllen 1978). In our study, the birth weight of pigs did not correlate with the muscle fibre cross-sectional area in slow-twitch muscles, whereas Handel and Stickland (1987) reported a larger muscle fibre cross-sectional area in the slow-twitch muscle M. trapezius in runt littermates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Heart size and mean muscle fibre cross-sectional area related to birth weight in pigs

Ruusunen¹,

Puolanne²,

Partanen³

2008

AFSci

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One of the aims in domestic pig breeding has been to increase the size of litters resulting in variation in birth weight of piglets. Pig breeding has also resulted in increased body muscle mass. Muscles with the same size can consist either of large number of thin muscle fibres or small number of thick muscle fibres. Larger body muscle content means that in living animal the heart must pump blood to larger muscle mass than earlier. Our interest in this study was to investigate the relationship between the pig's birth weight and (i) growth performance and carcass composition, (ii) the size of organs, and (iii) the mean muscle fibre cross-sectional area at slaughter. The study consisted of twenty pigs slaughtered at the age of 165±2 days. The day after the slaughter, the carcass composition was determined by dissecting the chilled carcass into lean, fat, bones, and skin and organs were weighed. The average cross sectional area of muscle fibres was determined from three fast-twitch muscles longissimus dorsi, semimembranosus, gluteus superficialis, and two slow-twitch muscles infraspinatus and masseter. The birth weight of pigs ranged from 0.9 to 2.2 kg. We found no clear relationships between the birth weight and the pig's growth performance from birth to slaughter. When the birth weight increased the heart weight at slaughter increased as well (P < 0.01). The heart weight was higher in those pigs with high carcass weight (P < 0.05) and with the high weight of total muscle mass in the carcass (P < 0.001). The cross sectional area of muscle fibres in M. longissimus dorsi (P < 0.05), M. semimembranosus (P < 0.10), and M. gluteus superficialis (P < 0.05) was larger in those pigs with low birth weight compared to those found in pigs with high birth weight.

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Effect of Pre-natal Runting on the Post-natal Development of Skeletal Muscles in Swine and Rats2

Cited by 74 publications

References 0 publications

Number of conceptuses in utero affects porcine fetal muscle development

Number of conceptuses in utero affects porcine fetal muscle development

Nutritional programming of gastrointestinal tract development. Is the pig a good model for man?

Heart size and mean muscle fibre cross-sectional area related to birth weight in pigs

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