Effect of powdery mildew infection on concentrations of apoplastic sugars in pea leaves

Aked, J.; Hall, J. L.

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1993.tb03737.x

Cited by 24 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Several lines of evidence indicate that pathogen infection injures the membrane system by decreasing the activity of the plant plasma membrane H + -ATPase [49,55,56]. A similar result was also obtained in the present study that leaf membrane injury, which was positively correlated with the FA content (Figure 7b), remarkably increased after FOC inoculation (Figure 7a), suggesting that the wilt of cucumber plants after FOC infection was induced by FA.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Nitrate Increased Cucumber Tolerance to Fusarium Wilt by Regulating Fungal Toxin Production and Distribution

Zhou

Wang

Sun

et al. 2017

Toxins

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Cucumber Fusarium wilt, induced by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum (FOC), causes severe losses in cucumber yield and quality. Nitrogen (N), as the most important mineral nutrient for plants, plays a critical role in plant–pathogen interactions. Hydroponic assays were conducted to investigate the effects of different N forms (NH4+ vs. NO3‒) and supply levels (low, 1 mM; high, 5 mM) on cucumber Fusarium wilt. The NO3‒-fed cucumber plants were more tolerant to Fusarium wilt compared with NH4+-fed plants, and accompanied by lower leaf temperature after FOC infection. The disease index decreased as the NO3‒ supply increased but increased with the NH4+ level supplied. Although the FOC grew better under high NO3− in vitro, FOC colonization and fusaric acid (FA) production decreased in cucumber plants under high NO3− supply, associated with lower leaf membrane injury. There was a positive correlation between the FA content and the FOC number or relative membrane injury. After the exogenous application of FA, less FA accumulated in the leaves under NO3− feeding, accompanied with a lower leaf membrane injury. In conclusion, higher NO3− supply protected cucumber plants against Fusarium wilt by suppressing FOC colonization and FA production in plants, and increasing the plant tolerance to FA.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Nitrate Increased Cucumber Tolerance to Fusarium Wilt by Regulating Fungal Toxin Production and Distribution

Zhou

Wang

Sun

et al. 2017

Toxins

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“…Increases in sugar content have been linked to invertase activity during powdery mildew infections of barley and wheat (Scholes, 1992; Heisteruber et al ., 1994; Wright et al ., 1995), grapevine (Brem et al ., 1986) and pea leaves (Aked & Hall, 1993b). Furthermore, downregulation of the Calvin cycle, resulting from such accumulation of sugar, decreases the availability of assimilate for export in powdery mildew infected barley (Scholes et al ., 1994) and wheat (Heisteruber et al ., 1994; Wright et al ., 1995; Keutgen & Roeb, 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This study was designed to address the lack of information on the carbohydrate metabolism of dicotyledon host plants during powdery mildew infection, already noted by Kabsch (1982). Despite intensive studies on Erysiphe pisi infection of pea leaves (Manners & Gay, 1982; Aked & Hall, 1993a; Aked & Hall, 1993b), various aspects of the interaction of powdery mildew pathogens with noncereal hosts are still unresolved, including changes in ethanol‐insoluble carbohydrates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in carbohydrate composition of cucumber leaves during the development of powdery mildew infection

Abood¹,

Lösel²

2003

Plant Pathology

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Within 3 days after inoculation, greater rates of decrease of hexoses, and of increases in inositol and α -glucans, were detected in leaves of cucumber leaves infected with Sphaerotheca fuliginea (now reclassified as Podosphaera xanthii ) than in healthy leaves, together with synthesis of fungal mannitol, arabitol and trehalose. With the onset of sporulation (5 days after inoculation, dai), glucose, polyols, trehalose and glycogen content, as well as fresh and dry weight of leaf tissue, increased more rapidly than in healthy plants, while sucrose, raffinose and starch declined. Starch, glycogen and other α -glucans, extracted from ethanol-insoluble tissue fractions of different water-solubility from healthy and infected leaves, were quantified after amyloglucosidase treatment. Infection-induced alterations in partitioning of photosynthate during a 14 h photoperiod at 7 dai, including a close correspondence in patterns of synthesis of glucose, polyols and glycogen, further clarified the process of diversion of host assimilate to the pathogen. The presence of glucose, but only traces of sucrose in spores, supported evidence from other powdery mildew infections for photosynthate being transferred to S. fuliginea as glucose.

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“…Increased permeability of host membranes has been reported to be induced by powdery mildew infection (Aked and Hall 1993) but not by rust infection (Farrar and Lewis 1987). Low apoplastic concentrations could be one explanation for the evolution of haustoria if they form an interface at which increased metabolite efflux from the host cell occurs, due to an increase in cytoplasmic solute concentration or plasma membrane permeability (Patrick 1989).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Level Activation of Vitamin B1 Biosynthesis Genes in Haustoria of the Rust Fungus Uromyces fabae

Sohn¹,

Voegele²,

Mendgen³

et al. 2000

MPMI

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In the rust fungus Uromyces fabae, the transition from the early stages of host plant invasion toward parasitic growth is accompanied by the activation of many genes (PIGs = in planta induced genes). Two of them, PIG1 (= THI1) and PIG4 (= THI2), were found to be highly transcribed in haustoria, and are homologous to genes involved in thiamine (vitamin B1) biosynthesis in yeast. Their functional identity was confirmed by complementation of Schizosaccharomyces pombe thiamine auxotrophic thi3 (nmt1) and thi2 (nmt2) mutants, respectively. In contrast to thiamine biosynthesis genes of other fungi that are completely suppressed by thiamine, THI1 and THI2 expression was not affected by the addition of thiamine to rust hyphae grown either in vitro or in planta. Immunoblot analysis revealed decreasing amounts of THI1p in extracts from spores, germlings, and in vitro-grown infection structures with increasing time after inoculation. Immunofluorescence microscopy of rust-infected leaves detected high concentrations of THI1p in haustoria, and only low amounts in intercellular hyphae. In the sporulating mycelium, THI1p was found in the basal hyphae of the uredia, but not in the pedicels and only at very low levels in uredospores. These data indicate that the haustorium is an essential structure of the biotrophic rust mycelium not only for nutrient uptake but also for the biosynthesis of metabolites such as thiamine.

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Effect of powdery mildew infection on concentrations of apoplastic sugars in pea leaves

Cited by 24 publications

References 20 publications

Nitrate Increased Cucumber Tolerance to Fusarium Wilt by Regulating Fungal Toxin Production and Distribution

Nitrate Increased Cucumber Tolerance to Fusarium Wilt by Regulating Fungal Toxin Production and Distribution

Changes in carbohydrate composition of cucumber leaves during the development of powdery mildew infection

High Level Activation of Vitamin B1 Biosynthesis Genes in Haustoria of the Rust Fungus Uromyces fabae

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