Effect of Potential Renal Acid Load of Foods on Calcium Metabolism of Renal Calcium Stone Formers

Trinchieri, Alberto; Zanetti, G.; Currò, A; Lizzano, Renata

doi:10.1159/000052556

Cited by 21 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…27 Reassuringly, this study specifically found no increased risk of stone formation with higher vegetable intake. Previous studies of fiber, fruit and vegetable intake have been mixed, 5, 6, 9, 11-17 possibly in part due to a failure to stratify based on stone history.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2, 5 Both fruits and vegetables provide an alkali load that could increase urinary citrate, a known inhibitor of stone formation. 6-9 Dietary phytate, the most abundant form of phosphate in plants, forms insoluble complexes with calcium in the intestinal tract, inhibits crystal formation in the urine, and is associated with reduced risk of stones. 10-12 Greater fruit and vegetable intake might decrease the intake of dietary sodium, animal protein, and total calories.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dietary Intake of Fiber, Fruit and Vegetables Decreases the Risk of Incident Kidney Stones in Women: A Women’s Health Initiative Report

et al. 2014

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Purpose We evaluated the relationship between dietary fiber, fruit, and vegetable intake, and the risk of kidney stone formation. Methods Overall, 83,922 postmenopausal women from the WHI Observational Study were included and followed prospectively. Cox proportional hazards regression analyses evaluated the associations between total dietary fiber, fruits, and vegetable intake, and the risk of incident kidney stone formation adjusting for nephrolithiasis risk factors (age, race/ethnicity, geographic region, diabetes mellitus, calcium supplementation, hormone therapy use, body mass index, calibrated caloric intake, and dietary water, sodium, animal protein, and calcium intake). Women with a prior history of kidney stones (3,471 women) were analyzed separately. Results Mean age was 64±7 years, 85% of women were Caucasian and 2,937 women (3.5%) experienced a kidney stone occurrence in 8 years median follow-up. In women with no history of kidney stones, higher total dietary fiber (6-26% decreased risk, p<0.001), higher fruit intake (12-25% decreased risk, p<0.001), and higher vegetable intake (9-22% decreased risk, p=0.002) were associated with a decreased risk of incident kidney stone formation in separate adjusted models. In women with a history of stones, there were no significant protective effects of fiber, fruits, or vegetable intake on the risk of kidney stone recurrence. Conclusions Greater dietary intake of fiber, fruits and vegetables were each associated with a reduced risk of incident kidney stones in postmenopausal women. The protective effects were independent of other known risk factors for kidney stones. In contrast, there was no reduction in risk in women with a history of stones.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Intake of Fiber, Fruit and Vegetables Decreases the Risk of Incident Kidney Stones in Women: A Women’s Health Initiative Report

et al. 2014

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“…Using a validated formula, it is possible to estimate the net renal acid excretion from diet, and a food screener for the rapid determination of the potential renal acid load (PRAL) has been developed [81,82]. Higher PRAL of food is directly associated with calciuria [83], with citraturia [84], and ultimately with increased risk of stone formation [85,86].…”

Section: Citrate Dietary Alkali Load and Magnesiummentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk of Kidney Stones: Influence of Dietary Factors, Dietary Patterns, and Vegetarian–Vegan Diets

et al. 2020

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Nephrolithiasis is a common medical condition influenced by multiple environmental factors, including diet. Since nutritional habits play a relevant role in the genesis and recurrence of kidney stones disease, dietary manipulation has become a fundamental tool for the medical management of nephrolithiasis. Dietary advice aims to reduce the majority of lithogenic risk factors, reducing the supersaturation of urine, mainly for calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, and uric acid. For this purpose, current guidelines recommend increasing fluid intake, maintaining a balanced calcium intake, reducing dietary intake of sodium and animal proteins, and increasing intake of fruits and fibers. In this review, we analyzed the effects of each dietary factor on nephrolithiasis incidence and recurrence rate. Available scientific evidence agrees on the harmful effects of high meat/animal protein intake and low calcium diets, whereas high content of fruits and vegetables associated with a balanced intake of low-fat dairy products carries the lowest risk for incident kidney stones. Furthermore, a balanced vegetarian diet with dairy products seems to be the most protective diet for kidney stone patients. Since no study prospectively examined the effects of vegan diets on nephrolithiasis risk factors, more scientific work should be made to define the best diet for different kidney stone phenotypes.

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“…Dietary protein correlates with renal acid excretion, which in turn correlates with urinary calcium excretion [ 60 ] . Thus, a high dietary protein load indirectly increases urinary calcium excretion.…”

Section: Dietary Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation and Medical Management of Kidney Stones

Humphreys

Lieske

2012

Essential Urology

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Effect of Potential Renal Acid Load of Foods on Calcium Metabolism of Renal Calcium Stone Formers

Cited by 21 publications

References 5 publications

Dietary Intake of Fiber, Fruit and Vegetables Decreases the Risk of Incident Kidney Stones in Women: A Women’s Health Initiative Report

Dietary Intake of Fiber, Fruit and Vegetables Decreases the Risk of Incident Kidney Stones in Women: A Women’s Health Initiative Report

Risk of Kidney Stones: Influence of Dietary Factors, Dietary Patterns, and Vegetarian–Vegan Diets

Evaluation and Medical Management of Kidney Stones

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