Effect of potassium rate on growth, quality, chemical composition, and winter hardiness of perennial ryegrass

Razmjoo, Khorshid; Kaneko, Seiji

doi:10.1080/01904169309364522

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Increase in turfgrass growth by N application was also reported by Bell and DeFrance (1944), Markland and Roberts (1969), Markland (1967), and Powell and McKee (1965). Razmjoo and Kaneko (1992), however, observed an increase in growth of perennial ryegrass when they used pots, whereas this experiment was under field conditions where a relatively low applied-K rate was sufficient since they found no increase in growth for rates greater than 350 kg K/ha. Holben (1952) concluded that turfgrasses may not always show a visual growth response to K fertilization, whereas Hylton et al (1965) and Lunt et al (1967) found that P deficiency reduced the growth of the turfgrass which responded to P only when the soil-P level was low (<5 ppm).…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 55%

“…High nitrogen (N) application has been reported to break winter dormancy and promote growth, but it reduced the cold hardiness of the plants (Archer and Decker, 1977;Beard, 1973;Jung and Kocher, 1966). Whereas potassium (K) and phosphorus (P) application have been shown to increase winter hardiness of several plant species as well as perennial ryegrass (Calder and Macleod, 1966;DeFrance, 1938;Jung and Smith, 1959;Razmjoo and Kaneko, 1992). Moreover, when there is a high supply of K and P present, winter hardiness of the plants was maintained under high N levels (Drozdo and Sycheva, 1965).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Effect of fertility ratios on growth and turf quality of perennial ryegrass(Lolium prenneL.) in winter

Razmjoo

Kaneko

1993

Journal of Plant Nutrition

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Perennial ryegrass (Lolium prenne L.) has been introduced to Japan as a cool season turfgrass. In spite of relatively mild winter in most parts of the country, it still goes to winter dormancy. A well-balanced fertility ratio and rate may prevent such dormancy without causing winter injury. Therefore, this experiment was designed to find a balanced rate and ratio among nitrogen (N), potassium (K), and phosphorus (P) fertilizers in order to prevent winter dormancy and promote growth during the winter in Japan. Yorktown 2 perennial ryegrass was used in this experiment. Nitrogen and K application rates were 50,150,250, 350, 450, 550, and 650 kg K/ha; whereas P rates were 50, 150, and 250 kg P/ha. These rates were applied in 30 different ratios. Growth, color, and density of the turf were estimated and used as the parameters for finding a suitable rate and ratio for these three major nutrients. Color, density, and growth were increased as the rate of N fertilizer increased, but there was no visual response to P or K rates. It is suggested that increases in color, density, and growth were function of N rates, whereas K and P rates maintained the cold hardiness of the turf when high N rates were applied under the conditions of this experiment. Fertility ratio and the rates of 450 kg N/ha, 250 kg K/ha, and 50 kg P/ha were sufficient to prevent dormancy, promote growth, and produce good quality turf throughout the winter. Thus, it is concluded that fertility ratios and rates are the main factors limiting growth and quality of perennial ryegrass in transitional zones similar to Japan.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 55%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effect of fertility ratios on growth and turf quality of perennial ryegrass(Lolium prenneL.) in winter

Razmjoo

Kaneko

1993

Journal of Plant Nutrition

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“…Neither Landua et al (1973) nor Belesky and Wilkinson (1983) reported depression of tissue Mg concentration below ≈1.0 g·kg -1 dry weight following application of K. Matocha and Smith (1980) and West and Reynolds (1984) reported that Ca concentrations in bermudagrass and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) tissue were not reduced by K fertilization, whereas Cripps et al (1989), Razmjoo and Kaneko (1993), and Sartain (1993 ) reported decreases in turfgrass Ca and Mg content a mower catch basket after clipping each plot. The catch basket was carefully cleaned after harvesting each plot to prevent contamination.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Potassium Application Reduces Calcium and Magnesium Levels in Bermudagrass Leaf Tissue and Soil

Miller¹

1999

HortSci

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High rates of potassium (K) are often applied in an attempt to increase stress tolerance of hybrid bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. × C. transvaalensis Burtt Davy] turfs. Two field-grown bermudagrass cultivars, `Tifdwarf' and `Tifway', were used to determine the influence of applied K on plant nutrient content and nutrient retention in two soils. Six rates of K ranging from 0 to 390 kg·ha-1 were applied twice per month each growing season from 1992 to 1994. The cultivars were established on both a sand-peat (9:1 by volume) and loamy sand. Potassium chloride and K2SO4 were compared as sources of K, and were applied simultaneously with N applications. Extractable soil K and leaf tissue K concentrations increased with increasing K rates. There was a critical K fertilization level (74 to 84 kg·ha-1) for each cultivar and medium combination beyond which no increase in tissue concentration was observed. Increasing K fertilization resulted in a decrease in extractable Ca and Mg in both media with corresponding decreases in tissue Ca and Mg concentrations. High K rates appear to increase the potential for Ca and Mg deficiencies in bermudagrass, indicating that rates higher than those that provide sufficient K levels for normal growth should not be used.

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Potassium Nutrition Affects Anthracnose on Annual Bluegrass

Schmid¹,

Clarke

Murphy

2018

Agronomy Journal

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Core Ideas This study provides evidence that K deficiency can increase anthracnose severity of annual bluegrass turf. Deficiency can be identified with testing of mat layer and tissue K concentrations. Potassium values less than 43 mg kg−1 in the mat layer (Mehlich 3 extractant) and 20 g kg−1 in leaf tissue will increase anthracnose severity of annual bluegrass. Potassium fertilization can improve stress tolerances in turfgrass; however, its effect on turfgrass diseases is inconsistent and not well understood. A 3‐yr field study was initiated to determine the effect of K fertilization rate and K source on anthracnose disease of annual bluegrass turf. Potassium chloride and K2SO4 were applied at K rates of 54, 109, and 218 kg ha−1 yr−1 as a 2 × 3 factorially arranged randomized complete block design with four replications. Potassium nitrate and K2CO3 were also included at the 218 kg K ha−1 yr−1 rate, as well as an untreated check. Nonlinear regression models were used to estimate critical concentrations of K in the mat layer and tissue with respect to anthracnose severity. All K treatments reduced disease severity compared to the untreated check (no K); however, KCl was less effective than the other sources when applied at the 218 kg K ha−1 yr−1 rate. The Cate–Nelson regression model predicted that K values less than 43 mg kg−1 in the mat layer (Mehlich 3 extractant) and 20 g kg−1 in leaf tissue will increase anthracnose severity of annual bluegrass (ABG). This study provides evidence that K fertilization can reduce anthracnose severity and that the severity of this disease can be correlated with mat and tissue K concentrations. Thus, it is important to monitor K in ABG turf and to maintain sufficient levels to reduce disease severity and improve turfgrass quality.

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Effect of potassium rate on growth, quality, chemical composition, and winter hardiness of perennial ryegrass

Cited by 5 publications

References 9 publications

Effect of fertility ratios on growth and turf quality of perennial ryegrass(Lolium prenneL.) in winter

Effect of fertility ratios on growth and turf quality of perennial ryegrass(Lolium prenneL.) in winter

Potassium Application Reduces Calcium and Magnesium Levels in Bermudagrass Leaf Tissue and Soil

Potassium Nutrition Affects Anthracnose on Annual Bluegrass

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