Effect of post-weld heat treatment on the interface microstructure of explosively welded titanium–stainless steel composite

Mousavi, S.A.A. Akbari; Sartangi, Pezhman Farhadi

doi:10.1016/j.msea.2008.04.032

Cited by 147 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…According to previous investigations performed by the authors of this paper, the normalizing of Inconel 625-steel P355NH joint obtained by explosive welding decreases its shear strength by 33% (decrease from 572 MPa to 383 MPa, determined according to PN-EN13445:2014) [22]. The heat treatment of the explosively welded clad-plate may result in such changes in the joint zone as grainy microstructure evolutions (recrystallization, grain growth), diffusion processes, as well as, the formation of new phases [16,21,[25][26][27][28]. The character of the diffusion zone depends on the mutual solubility of the alloy chemical components.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result of the diffusion changes within joint zone it is possible of brittle intermetallic compounds to be formed, new solid solutions or precipitates [29,30]. The important phenomenon, which can take place during heat treatment of the bimetal system is the Kirkendall effect, which results in the formation of the voids in the joint area as a consequence of the differences in diffusion rates of specific alloying elements of the welded materials [25,27,[31][32][33]. The second important aspect that has to be taken into consideration is the fact that exposing of Inconel alloys to the long-term annealing process may have consequences in the formation of precipitates in their microstructure (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Influence of the Post-Weld Heat Treatment on the Microstructure of Inconel 625/Carbon Steel Bimetal Joint Obtained by Explosive Welding

Kosturek

Wachowski

Śnieżek

et al. 2019

Metals

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Inconel 625 and steel P355NH were bonded by explosive welding in this study. Explosively welded bimetal clad-plate was subjected to the two separated post-weld heat treatment processes: stress relief annealing (at 620 °C for 90 min) and normalizing (at 910 °C for 30 min). Effect of heat treatments on the microstructure of the joint has been evaluated using light and scanning electron microscopy, EDS analysis techniques, and microhardness tests, respectively. It has been stated that stress relief annealing leads to partial recrystallization of steel P355NH microstructure in the joint zone. At the same time, normalizing caused not only the recrystallization of both materials, but also the formation of a diffusion zone and precipitates in Inconel 625. The precipitates in Inconel 625 have been identified as two types of carbides: chromium-rich M23C6 and molybdenum-rich M6C. It has been reported that diffusion of alloying elements into steel P355NH takes place along grain boundaries with additional formation of voids. Scanning transmission electron microscope observation of the grain microstructure in the diffusion zone shows that this area consists of equiaxed grains (at the side of Inconel 625 alloy) and columnar grains (at the side of steel P355NH).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of the Post-Weld Heat Treatment on the Microstructure of Inconel 625/Carbon Steel Bimetal Joint Obtained by Explosive Welding

Kosturek

Wachowski

Śnieżek

et al. 2019

Metals

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“…The present paper aims to investigate the causes of such a drastic reduction in the strength of the joint. Structural changes may involve both evolution of the grainy structure of the materials and diffusion processes within the joint [16,21,[25][26][27][28]. Depending on the mutual solubility of the diffusing chemical elements of the alloy, brittle intermetallic compounds or new solid solutions may be formed in the joint area [29,30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Depending on the mutual solubility of the diffusing chemical elements of the alloy, brittle intermetallic compounds or new solid solutions may be formed in the joint area [29,30]. The Kirkendall effect may occur as the result of the diffusion changes and leads to formation of voids in the joint area due to differences in diffusion rates of specific alloying elements of the welded materials [25,27,[31][32][33]. Additionally, Inconel alloys show a tendency to form precipitates (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of the Post Weld Heat Treatment on the Microstructure of Inconel 625/Carbon Steel Bimetal Joint Obtained by Explosive Welding

Kosturek¹,

Wachowski²,

Śnieżek³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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In this investigation steel P355NH has been successfully cladded with Inconel 625 through the method of explosive welding. Explosively welded bimetal clad-plate was subjected to the two separated post weld heat treatment processes: stress relief annealing (at 620oC for 90 minutes) and normalizing (at 910oC for 30 minutes). In order to analyze the microstructure of the joint in the as-welded state and to investigate the influence of the post weld heat treatment on it, the light and scanning electron microscope observations and microhardness analysis have been performed. The examination of the diffusion zone microstructure has been performed by using the scanning transmission electron microscope. It was stated that obtained joint has characteristic wavy-shape geometry with the presence of the melted zones and severe deformed grains of both joined materials. Strain hardening of the materials in joint zone was established with microhardness analysis. In both of the heat treatments the changes in the grain structure have been observed. The normalizing heat treatment has the most significant impact on the microstructure of the joint as well as the concentration of the chemical elements in the joint zone. It was reported that due to normalizing the diffusion zone has been formed together with precipitates in the joint zone. The analysis of the diffusion zone images leads to the conclusion that the diffusion of alloying elements from Inconel 625 to steel P355NH takes place along the grain boundaries with additional formation of the voids in this area. The precipitates in Inconel 625 in the joint zone are two type of carbides – chromium-rich and molybdenum-rich. Scanning transmission electron microscope observation of the grain microstructure in the diffusion zone shows that this area consists of equiaxed grains (from the side of Inconel 625 alloy) and columnar grains (from the side of steel P355NH).

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“…Welding of reactive metals often involves the formation of brittle phases, for example, intermetallic compounds, in the fused joint. This problem is encountered in joining of nickel and aluminum, aluminum and titanium, titanium and iron, and many others materials [ 4 , 5 ]. One of the most effective methods for preventing the formation of brittle chemical compounds is the application of diffusion barriers based on refractory metals, such as Ta, Nb, V, and W. Due to the large difference in physicochemical and mechanical properties between the welded dissimilar metals and refractory barriers, in some cases it is reasonable to produce intermediate barriers in the form of inserts by joining refractory metals with copper [ 6 – 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and Microhardness of Cu‐Ta Joints Produced by Explosive Welding

Maliutina

Мали

Батаев

et al. 2013

The Scientific World Journal

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The structure and microhardness of Cu-Ta joints produced by explosive welding were studied. It was found that, during explosive welding, an intermediate layer 20⋯40 μm thick with a finely dispersed heterophase structure, formed between the welded copper and tantalum plates. The structure of the layer was studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Microvolumes with tantalum particles distributed in a copper matrix and microvolumes of copper particles in a tantalum matrix were detected. The tantalum particles in copper have a size of 5⋯500 nm, with a predominance of 5⋯50 nm particles. A mechanism for the formation of the finely dispersed heterophase structure in explosive welding is proposed. The microhardness of interlayers with the heterophase structure reaches 280 HV, which far exceeds the microhardness of copper (~130 HV) and tantalum (~160 HV). Many twins of deformation origin were found in the structure of the copper plate. The effect of heating temperature in the range from 100 to 900°C on the microhardness of copper, tantalum, and the Cu-Ta welded joint was studied. Upon heating to 900°C, the microhardness of the intermediate layer decreases from 280 to 150 HV. The reduction in the strength properties of the weld material is mainly due to structural transformations in copper.

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Effect of post-weld heat treatment on the interface microstructure of explosively welded titanium–stainless steel composite

Cited by 147 publications

References 13 publications

The Influence of the Post-Weld Heat Treatment on the Microstructure of Inconel 625/Carbon Steel Bimetal Joint Obtained by Explosive Welding

The Influence of the Post-Weld Heat Treatment on the Microstructure of Inconel 625/Carbon Steel Bimetal Joint Obtained by Explosive Welding

The Influence of the Post Weld Heat Treatment on the Microstructure of Inconel 625/Carbon Steel Bimetal Joint Obtained by Explosive Welding

Structure and Microhardness of Cu‐Ta Joints Produced by Explosive Welding

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