Effect of Post-Natal Catch-Down and Feeding Practices on Auxology, Body Composition and Muscle Function in Children Born Large-For-Gestational-Age

Peters, Julia Trachternach; Woelfle, Joachim; Joergens, Susanne; Schreiner, Felix; Bartmann, Peter; Gohlke, Bettina

doi:10.4172/2155-6156.1000760

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…This observation was reinforced by the finding that the combined effect of increases in BW and age led to a BMI increase in 30.7% of study subjects. This finding was in agreement with other research findings [ 9 , 11 , 12 , 14 , 38 , 39 ]. In their study, Hill et al, found a positive correlation between BMI and BW for GA in adolescents diagnosed with obesity [ 37 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

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Extreme Birth Weight and Metabolic Syndrome in Children

Bizerea-Moga

Pitulice

Pantea³

et al. 2022

Nutrients

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Small and large birth weights (BWs) for gestational age (GA) represent extremes, but the correlation between extreme BW and metabolic syndrome (MetS) has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we examined this correlation in obese children based on changes in their metabolic profile from childhood to adolescence. A retrospective observational study was performed on 535 obese patients aged 0–18 years in the Clinical and Emergency Hospital for Children “Louis Turcanu” in Timisoara, Romania, based on clinical and biological data from January 2015 to December 2019. We emphasized the links between extreme BW and obesity, extreme BW and cardiometabolic risk, obesity and cardiometabolic risk, and extreme BW, obesity and MetS. Children born large for gestational age (LGA) predominated over those born small for gestational age (SGA). Our findings showed that BW has an independent effect on triglycerides and insulin resistance, whereas obesity had a direct influence on hypertension, impaired glucose metabolism and hypertriglyceridemia. The influences of BW and obesity on the development of MetS and its components are difficult to separate; therefore, large prospective studies in normal-weight patients are needed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…Furthermore, some evidence shows that LGA babies are more likely to be overweight regardless of catch-down growth [ 10 ]. Consequently, being born LGA represents a considerable cardiovascular and metabolic risk [ 11 , 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extreme Birth Weight and Metabolic Syndrome in Children

Bizerea-Moga

Pitulice

Pantea³

et al. 2022

Nutrients

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“…However, the catch-down could not achieve complete normalization. 17 This is in line with our results, in which complete catch-down growth did not occur. Those with macrosomia remained within their growth percentile until 72 months of age.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“… 15 In a longitudinal growth study of 2,465 Chinese children, catch-down growth in weight, length, and ponderal index of high birth weight term infants was not achieved within 12 months of age. 16 Peters et al 17 showed in their study with LGA-children of mothers without GDM that 88% showed catch-down growth within 12 months of age. Despite the catch-down growth, the differences in the mean weight, length, and HC remained until 4 years of age, and those without catch-down growth had more subcutaneous fat.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Epidemiology of Macrosomia in Korea: Growth and Development

et al. 2021

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Background Macrosomia, as an infant with birth weight over 4 kg, can have several perinatal, and neonatal complications. This study aimed to estimate the incidence of macrosomia in Korea and to identify the growth and developmental outcomes and other neonatal complications. Methods In total, 397,203 infants who were born in 2013 with birth weight ≥ 2.5 kg and who underwent infant health check-up between their 1 st and 7 th visit were included from the National Health Insurance Service database. The information was obtained by the International Classification of Diseases-10 codes or self-reported questionnaires in the National Health Screening Program. Results The distribution of infants by birth weight was as follows: 384,181 (97%) infants in the 2.5–3.99 kg (reference) group, 12,016 (3%) infants in the 4.0–4.49 kg group, 772 (0.2%) infants in the 4.5–4.99 kg group, and 78 (0.02%) infants in the ≥ 5 kg group. Macrosomia showed significantly higher incidence of sepsis, male sex, and mothers with GDM and birth injury. There was a significant difference in weight, height, and head circumference according to age, birth weight group, and combination of age and birth weight, respectively ( P < 0.001). The number of infants with the weight above the 90 th percentile in macrosomia at each health check-up showed higher incidence than in reference group. The mean body mass index significantly differed among the groups, as 50.6 in infants with 2.5–3.99 kg of birth weight, 63.5 with 4.0–4.49 kg, 71.0 with 4.5–4.99 kg, and 73.1 with ≥ 5 kg. There was a significant difference in the incidence of poor developmental results between infants with macrosomia and the reference group at 24, 36 and 48 month of age. Conclusion Macrosomia was significantly associated with the risk of sepsis, birth injury, obesity and developmental problem especially in a boy born from mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus. Careful monitoring and proper strategies for monitoring growth and development are needed.

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“…Maternal influence in utero may be compensated by patterns of “catch-up” and “catch-down” growth for low birthweight and high birthweight infants respectively [ 54 ]. While the proportion and timing remains unclear, the “catch-down” growth phase has shown protective effects on body composition in 8-year-old children exposed to excess intrauterine fetal growth [ 55 ]. Despite this, an estimated 20% of high birthweight infants who do not enter “catch-down” growth represent a high-risk subgroup and maintain higher subcutaneous fat and BMI in later childhood [ 53 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of macrosomia on cardiometabolic health in preteens: findings from the ROLO longitudinal birth cohort study

Callanan,

Killeen,

Delahunt

et al. 2023

Nutr Metab (Lond)

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Background Macrosomia (birthweight ≥ 4 kg or ≥ 4.5 kg) is strongly associated with a predisposition to childhood obesity, which in turn is linked with adverse cardiometabolic health. Despite this, there is a lack of longitudinal investigation on the impact of high birthweight on cardiometabolic outcomes in youth. The preteen period represents an important window of opportunity to further explore this link, to potentially prevent cardiometabolic profiles worsening during puberty. Methods This is a secondary analysis of 9–11-year-olds (n = 405) born to mothers in the ROLO longitudinal birth cohort study, who previously delivered an infant with macrosomia. Preteens were dichotomised into those born with and without macrosomia, using two common cut-off criteria (birthweight ≥ 4 kg (n = 208) and < 4 kg; ≥ 4.5 kg (n = 65) and < 4.5 kg). Cardiometabolic health was assessed using anthropometry, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, blood pressure, heart rate, cardiorespiratory endurance (20-m shuttle run test), and non-fasting serum biomarkers for a subgroup (n = 213). Statistical comparisons between the two groups were explored using independent t-tests, Mann–Whitney U tests, and Chi-square tests. Crude and adjusted linear regression models investigated associations between macrosomia and preteen cardiometabolic outcomes. Results In total, 29.3% (n = 119) of preteens had overweight/obesity based on their BMI z-score. Preteens born ≥ 4 kg had lower median (IQR) C3 concentrations (1.38 (1.22, 1.52) g/L vs. 1.4 (1.26, 1.6) g/L, p = 0.043) and lower median (IQR) ICAM-1 concentrations (345.39 (290.34, 394.91) ng/mL vs. 387.44 (312.91, 441.83) ng/mL, p = 0.040), than those born < 4 kg. Those born ≥ 4.5 kg had higher mean (SD) BMI z-scores (0.71 (0.99) vs. 0.36 (1.09), p = 0.016), and higher median (IQR) lean mass (24.76 (23.28, 28.51) kg vs. 23.87 (21.9, 26.79) kg, p = 0.021), than those born < 4.5 kg. Adjusted linear regression analyses revealed birthweight ≥ 4 kg was negatively associated with C3 concentration (g/L) (B = − 0.095, 95% CI = − 0.162, − 0.029, p = 0.005) and birthweight ≥ 4.5 kg was positively associated with weight z-score (B = 0.325, 95% CI = 0.018, 0.633, p = 0.038), height z-score (B = 0.391, 95% CI = 0.079, 0.703, p = 0.014), lean mass (kg) (B = 1.353, 95% CI = 0.264, 2.442, p = 0.015) and cardiorespiratory endurance (B = 0.407, 95% CI = 0.006, 0.808, p = 0.047). Conclusion This study found no strong evidence to suggest that macrosomia is associated with adverse preteen cardiometabolic health. Macrosomia alone may not be a long-term cardiometabolic risk factor. Trial registration ISRCTN54392969 registered at www.isrctn.com.

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Effect of Post-Natal Catch-Down and Feeding Practices on Auxology, Body Composition and Muscle Function in Children Born Large-For-Gestational-Age

Abstract: Background: High birth-weight and supernormal postnatal weight gain increases the risk of obesity. Breastfeeding and postnatal Catch-down growth in children born large-for-gestational-age (LGA) might be protective.

Cited by 3 publications

References 29 publications

Extreme Birth Weight and Metabolic Syndrome in Children

Extreme Birth Weight and Metabolic Syndrome in Children

Epidemiology of Macrosomia in Korea: Growth and Development

The impact of macrosomia on cardiometabolic health in preteens: findings from the ROLO longitudinal birth cohort study

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