Effect of post-aging quenching treatment on impact toughness of 17-4 precipitation hardened stainless steel

Misra, R.D.K.; Prasad, Ch. Rajendra; Balasubramanian, T.V.; Rao, P. Rama

doi:10.1016/s0036-9748(88)80155-8

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…11). 36 Auger studies of slow-cooled samples indicated considerable grain boundary enrichment of phosphorus, whereas no such evidence of phosphorus was seen in the water-quenched samples in line with the slow rate of cooling data presented in Fig. 10.…”

Section: Rate Of Coolingsupporting

confidence: 76%

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Grain boundary segregation and fracture resistance of engineering steels

Misra

2001

Surface & Interface Analysis

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The developments in surface analytical techniques and experimental measurements have made it possible to understand grain boundary segregation processes and related fracture mechanisms. This article shows how experimental contributions have led to the concept of grain boundary segregation isotherms for a complete understanding of grain boundary segregation behavior, and its effect on material properties in terms of the kinetics of segregation, the interaction processes amongst trace and solute elements and the influence of solute elements, heat treatment practice and applied tensile stress on grain boundary segregation processes. The determining role of grain boundary chemistry in obtaining a marked improvement in toughness of engineering steels at the specified levels of strength is elucidated here.

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Section: Rate Of Coolingsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…The cooling rate, either after solution treatment 34,35 or after aging, 36 plays a crucial role in determining the degree of embrittlement.…”

Section: Rate Of Coolingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grain boundary segregation and fracture resistance of engineering steels

Misra

2001

Surface & Interface Analysis

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“…[191][192][193][194][195][196] It was believed that, with increasing bulk C content, the grain boundary concentration of P 35 a low and b high magnification scanning electron micrographs of the intergranular facets of dynamically embrittled Fe-V alloy. The periodic striations extend across a few grain faces.…”

Section: Stress-induced Segregation and Intergranular Decohesionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where h c is the grain boundary segregation of C; X b [C] is the bulk concentration of C; DG o b C ½ is the grain 36 Impact toughness and intergranular atomic % C and P and DGu [P] and DGu[C] as a function of bulk weight % C (also Nb/C ratio) in 17Cr-4Ni precipitation hardened stainless steel 191,192,195 37 Significance of Nb/C ratio in 17Cr-4Ni precipitation hardened stainless steel to obtain desired toughness boundary segregation free energy of carbon. In equations (18) and (19), it is assumed that there is no energetic interaction between C and P. The values of DG o b P ½ and DG o b C ½ were in the range of 33-42 and 60-72 kJ mol 21 respectively in regime II.…”

Section: Langmuir-mclean Equation Was Written Asmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the present paper, the experimental evidence for such a mechanism was reviewed and visited from the view point of following six aspects: First, the critical time of TNGS induces the ductility healing effect in RTE when the tempering time is prolonged, in ICE when sensitising time is extended, and in ITE when the hold time is prolonged before tensile deformation at the tensile temperature of ductility minimum. 38 Inverse of the product of impact toughness and atomic % segregant (C or P) as a function of DG o b 2DG o s in 17Cr-4Ni precipitation hardened stainless steel 195 Second, the peak temperature of TNGS induces a maximum in intergranular embrittlement for RTE, in embrittlement rate for ICE, and a ductility trough in ITE when samples are isothermally held for an identical time at various test temperatures after quenching from a higher temperature.…”

Section: Summary and Future Outlookmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Unified mechanism of intergranular embrittlement based on non-equilibrium grain boundary segregation

Liu

Wang

et al. 2013

International Materials Reviews

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The review is aimed at presenting a unified approach in understanding the mechanism of nonequilibrium grain boundary segregation, which can satisfactorily describe the three types of intergranular embrittlement, namely, reverse temper embrittlement of steels, intergranular corrosion embrittlement of stainless steels and intermediate temperature embrittlement of metals and alloys. The review starts with a broad perspective of non-equilibrium grain boundary segregation, including thermally induced non-equilibrium grain boundary segregation and stress induced non-equilibrium grain-boundary segregation. Next, it focuses on the recent progress made in the non-equilibrium grain boundary segregation, including (1) critical time, (2) segregation peak temperature, (3) segregation peak temperature movement for thermally induced and stress induced non-equilibrium grain boundary segregation, and (4) the effect of temperature difference on thermally-induced non-equilibrium grain boundary segregation. Next, the attention is focused on the grain boundary coverage of elements and intergranular embrittlement phenomena. Three types of intergranular embrittlement is analysed in terms of (1) the ductility healing effect induced by the critical time, (2) embrittlement peak or ductility trough induced by the segregation peak temperature, (3) embrittlement peak or ductility trough movement induced by the segregation peak temperature movement and (4) widening and deepening of ductility trough induced by differences in temperature. These experimental phenomena concerning the three types of intergranular embrittlement are consistent with the models of thermally induced and stress induced non-equilibrium grain boundary segregations of impurities, instead of precipitation or equilibrium grain boundary segregation. Towards the end, we visit the subject of grain boundary segregation and associated embrittlement process from the viewpoint of fracture resistance and briefly discuss different perspectives that are of practical significance. List of symbolsA constant b the Burger's vector B Norton coefficient C b (t c ) grain boundary concentration at critical time C b(s50) equilibrium concentration of solute at the grain boundaries C g concentration of solute within the grains C v s~0 ð Þ equilibrium vacancy concentration at grain boundaries C v s~s ð Þ grain boundary vacancy concentration induced by the tensile stress D b the diffusivity D c diffusion coefficients for complexes under or in absence of applied tensile stress D i diffusion coefficients for solute atoms under or in absence of applied tensile stress E the elastic or Young's modulus -E the embrittlement sensitivity in K/at-% of solute at the grain boundary E b formation energy of vacancy solute atom complex International Materials Reviews 2013 VOL 58 NO 5263 E f vacancy formation energy E gb the elastic or Young's modulus of grain boundary region F v the formation energy of a vacancy in the boundary region H Z intergranular Auger peak to peak height of an element normalised with the ...

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Co-operative and site-competitive interaction processes at the grain boundaries of a Ni-Cr-Mo-V steel

Misra

Balasubramanian

1989

Acta Metallurgica

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Effect of post-aging quenching treatment on impact toughness of 17-4 precipitation hardened stainless steel

Cited by 13 publications

References 3 publications

Grain boundary segregation and fracture resistance of engineering steels

Grain boundary segregation and fracture resistance of engineering steels

Unified mechanism of intergranular embrittlement based on non-equilibrium grain boundary segregation

Co-operative and site-competitive interaction processes at the grain boundaries of a Ni-Cr-Mo-V steel

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