Effect of port injection of ethanol on engine performance, exhaust emissions and environmental factors in a dual-fuel diesel engine

Abstract

This paper investigates the effect of ethanol addition and hot exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on engine performance, exhaust emissions, and air-pollution damage-cost in a dual-fuel diesel engine. The ethanol is injected at low pressure into the intake manifold using a port-fuel injector while diesel fuel is injected directly into the cylinder. Only the duration of the ethanol injection is changed in the dual-fuel injection system while the diesel injection parameters are not changed. Ethanol fuel is added by port injection in such amounts as to provide additional heat energy in the range of 0–40% to the heat energy of the diesel fuel taken to the engine for any engine operating conditions. Moreover, 5%, 10%, and 15% rates exhaust gas recirculation (hot EGR) for each engine operating conditions are applied. The engine is operated at 1400, 1600, 1800 and 2000 rpm engine speeds at full load (≈40 Nm). In this paper, the highest improvement in engine performance and environmental factors is obtained with ethanol addition of 40% without the hot EGR at 1400 rpm. Under these conditions, the brake engine power ( BEP) and brake engine torque ( BET) increase of 6.9% and 8.1% while NOx emission and air-pollution damage-cost decreased of 32% and 23.9%, respectively. However, CO, HC, and smoke ( FSN number) emissions increased significantly. On the other hand, the brake thermal efficiency ( BTE) and brake specific energy consumption ( BSEC) are negatively affected by the ethanol addition and hot EGR.

Comparative assessment of di-ethyl ether/diesel blends on the performance, and emission characteristics in acetylene dual fuel engine

“…During the experimentation ethanol, fuel was injected into the engine via port injection at levels that offer extra heat energy of 0%–40%. 22 The brake power and engine torque were raised by 6.9% and 8.1%, respectively, with a 40% ethanol addition without the hot EGR at 1400 rpm. 22 Furthermore, NO x concentrations and air pollution damage costs were reduced by 32% and 23.9%, respectively.…”

“…22 The brake power and engine torque were raised by 6.9% and 8.1%, respectively, with a 40% ethanol addition without the hot EGR at 1400 rpm. 22 Furthermore, NO x concentrations and air pollution damage costs were reduced by 32% and 23.9%, respectively. 22 However, on the other hand, HC, CO, and smoke pollutants increased dramatically.…”

“…21 Generally, this strategy can instantly identify knocking and modify the quantity of LPG injections to improve engine performance while minimizing emissions. 21 Gu¨rbu¨z et al 22 explored the influence of ethanol and hot EGR on performance, emissions attributes, and the cost of poor air quality damage. During the experimentation ethanol, fuel was injected into the engine via port injection at levels that offer extra heat energy of 0%-40%.…”

Performance of Combustion and Emissions Characteristics of Ethanol Dual Injection Spark Ignition Engine

“…The combustion quality was enhanced, IMEP was increased, and combustion emissions (HC and CO) were decreased when the hydrogen fuel was used with ethanol. On the other side, Habib et al [15] port-injected the ethanol fuel in a compression engine in order to improve the combustion performance of diesel fuel. Their engine was tested at different engine speeds and energy ratios of ethanol fuel.…”

A numerical study on processes of charge and discharge of latent heat energy storage system using RT27 paraffin wax for exhaust waste heat recovery in a SI engine

“…On the other hand, carbon dioxide (CO2) emitted into the atmosphere by the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines is the main source of greenhouse gas emissions. Also, unburned hydrocarbons (UHC), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) emissions emitted into the atmosphere from internal combustion engines pose health exposures [4][5][6]. The engine efficiency could be increased by approximately 4-5% by converting the exhaust waste heat energy of ICEs into useful energy with appropriate waste heat recovery systems.…”