Effect of porcine parvovirus vaccination on the development of PMWS in segregated early weaned pigs coinfected with type 2 porcine circovirus and porcine parvovirus

Opriessnig, Tanja; Fenaux, Martijn; Shi, Yu; Evans, Richard B.; Cavanaugh, David; Gallup, Jack M.; Pallarés, F. J.; Thacker, Eileen L.; Lager, Kelly M.; Meng, Xiang‐Jin; Halbur, Patrick G.

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2003.11.006

Cited by 74 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…One possible explanation for this is that protection induced by maternal antibodies versus active inoculation might be different, since there is no cellular immunity afforded through passively acquired antibodies. However, cellular immunity appears to play a major role in reducing PCV2 viraemia and lesions, as indicated by early work with PCV2 vaccines, where pigs did not develop a detectable humoral immune response to PCV2, yet were protected against subsequent challenge (Fenaux et al, 2004a). Another explanation for the recent devastating PCVAD outbreaks in North America would be the presence of an unknown triggering agent that enhances replication of PCV2b specifically and thereby increases disease severity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Isolate ISU-40895 (cluster a; GenBank accession no. AF264042) was recovered from an Iowa farm in 1998 (Fenaux et al, 2000) and has been well characterized genetically (Fenaux et al, 2000) and in the conventional SPF pig model (Fenaux et al, 2002(Fenaux et al, , 2003(Fenaux et al, , 2004aOpriessnig et al, 2003Opriessnig et al, , 2004aOpriessnig et al, , b, 2006a. Isolate ISU-40895 was found to be capable of inducing characteristic PCV2-associated microscopic lesions and clinical disease under experimental conditions (Opriessnig et al, 2004a(Opriessnig et al, , b, 2006a.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The infectious DNA clones of the PCV2b isolates NC-16845 and Can-17639 were constructed essentially as described by Fenaux et al (2000) and Opriessnig et al (2006c). The infectivity of all infectious DNA clones was confirmed by transfection of PK-15 cells followed by immunofluorescence detection of virus capsid antigen and the generation of infectious stock of the PCV2 isolates was carried out as described previously (Fenaux et al, 2002(Fenaux et al, , 2003(Fenaux et al, , 2004aOpriessnig et al, 2006c) with a minor modification. DNA quantification for transfection was carried out using the Nanodrop spectrophotometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differences in virulence among porcine circovirus type 2 isolates are unrelated to cluster type 2a or 2b and prior infection provides heterologous protection

Opriessnig

Ramamoorthy

Madson

et al. 2008

Journal of General Virology

115

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Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is divided into two genetic clusters designated PCV2a and PCV2b. The objectives of this study were to determine whether isolates from different clusters vary in virulence and to determine whether infection with PCV2a isolates induces protective immunity against subsequent infection with a recent PCV2b isolate. One-hundred and thirteen conventional specific-pathogen-free (SPF) pigs were assigned randomly to treatment groups and rooms: pigs inoculated with PCV2a cluster isolates (ISU-40895 or ISU-4838), pigs inoculated with PCV2b cluster isolates (NC-16845 or Can-17639) and uninoculated pigs. Necropsies were performed at 16 or 51 days post-inoculation (p.i.). There were no significant differences in PCV2-associated lymphoid lesions between PCV2a and PCV2b clusters; however, within the same cluster, significant differences were found between isolates: ISU-4838-and Can-17639-inoculated pigs had significantly (P,0.05) less severe lesions compared with ISU-40895-and NC-16845-inoculated pigs. To evaluate cross-protection, six pigs within each group were challenged at 35 days p.i. with an isolate from the heterologous cluster and were necropsied 51 days p.i. The severity of PCV2-associated lesions was reduced in pigs with prior exposure to an isolate from the heterologous cluster in comparison with singly inoculated pigs. Results indicate that the virulence of PCV2a and PCV2b isolates is not different in the conventional SPF pig model; however, the virulence of isolates within the same cluster differs. Increased virulence as reported to be associated with PCV2b isolates in the field was not observed under the conditions of this study. Moreover, cross-protection between PCV2a and PCV2b exists. INTRODUCTIONPorcine circovirus (PCV) is a small, circular, nonenveloped, single-stranded DNA virus (Tischer et al., 1982) that belongs to the genus Circovirus of the family Circoviridae (Todd et al., 2005). To date, two types of PCV have been recognized (Allan et al., 1998;Hamel et al., 1998;Morozov et al., 1998) in pigs: the non-pathogenic PCV type 1 (PCV1) and the pathogenic PCV type 2 (PCV2), which is the aetiological agent of porcine circovirusassociated disease (PCVAD). Previously, phylogenetic analyses have shown that PCV2 isolates can be further divided into two main clusters (Larochelle et al., 2002;Mankertz et al., 2000;Olvera et al., 2007) now commonly referred to as PCV2a and PCV2b (Gagnon et al., 2007).Systemic PCV2 infection, which is also known as postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), is characterized clinically by wasting or decreased weight gain, enlarged lymph nodes and dyspnoea (Harding & Clark, 1997;Opriessnig et al., 2007). The hallmark microscopic lesions of systemic PCV2 infection are lymphoid depletion and granulomatous lymphadenitis associated with the presence of PCV2 antigen or nucleic acids (Sorden, 2000). Systemic PCV2 infection or PMWS was initially observed in a Canadian high-health-statusThe GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers for the complete genomic sequ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differences in virulence among porcine circovirus type 2 isolates are unrelated to cluster type 2a or 2b and prior infection provides heterologous protection

Opriessnig

Ramamoorthy

Madson

et al. 2008

Journal of General Virology

115

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…3,24,47 Porcine parvovirus (PPV) has also been found to potentiate the progression of PCV2 infection to clinical PMWS. 2,25,26,30,41 The authors are not aware of previous reports of bacterial potentiation of PCV2 infection.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…20,49 The hallmark microscopic lesions of PMWS are lymphoid depletion or granulomatous lymphadenitis (or both) and the presence of PCV2 antigen or nucleic acids associated with the lymphoid lesions. 49 PCV2 alone is limited in its ability to induce the full spectrum of disease and lesions associated with PMWS in pigs 3,14,30,41,42,47 and is considered by some to be a ubiquitous opportunist. 49 Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)-induced potentiation of PCV2-associated PMWS has been experimentally confirmed.…”

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confidence: 99%

Experimental Reproduction of Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome in Pigs by Dual Infection with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Porcine Circovirus Type 2

et al. 2004

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Abstract. The objectives of this study were to investigate the interactions between Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and to establish a model for studying the pathogenesis of and testing intervention strategies for the control of PCV2-associated porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC). Sixty-seven pigs were randomly assigned to four groups. Group 1 (n ϭ 17) pigs served as controls, group 2 (n ϭ 17) pigs were inoculated with M. hyopneumoniae, group 3 (n ϭ 17) pigs were dual infected with M. hyopneumoniae and PCV2, and group 4 (n ϭ 16) pigs were inoculated with PCV2. Pigs were inoculated intratracheally with M. hyopneumoniae at 4 weeks of age followed by intranasal inoculation with PCV2 at 6 weeks of age. Dual-infected pigs had moderate dyspnea, lethargy, and reduced weight gain. The overall severity of macroscopic lung lesions, PCV2-associated microscopic lesions in lung and lymphoid tissues, and the amount of PCV2-antigen associated with these lesions were significantly (P Ͻ 0.05) higher in dual-infected pigs compared with all other groups. Four of 17 (23.5%) dual-infected pigs had decreased growth rate and severe lymphoid depletion and granulomatous lymphadenitis associated with high amounts of PCV2-antigen consistent with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). PCV2-antigen in lung tissue was most often associated with M. hyopneumoniae-induced peribronchial lymphoid hyperplasia, suggesting that this is an important site for PCV2 replication in the lung. This study indicates that M. hyopneumoniae potentiates the severity of PCV2-associated lung and lymphoid lesions, increases the amount and prolongs the presence of PCV2-antigen, and increases the incidence of PMWS in pigs.

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Identification of three PPV1 VP2 protein-specific B cell linear epitopes using monoclonal antibodies against baculovirus-expressed recombinant VP2 protein

Sun

Huang

Wei

et al. 2015

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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Porcine parvovirus type 1 (PPV1) is a major causative agent of embryonic and fetal death in swine. The PPV1 VP2 protein is closely associated with viral immunogenicity for eliciting neutralizing antibodies, but its antigenic structures have been largely unknown. We generated three monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against baculovirus-expressed recombinant PPV1 VP2 protein. A PEPSCAN analysis identified the minimal B cell linear epitopes of PPV1 VP2 based on these MAbs. Three core epitopes, (228)QQITDA(233), (284)RSLGLPPK(291), and (344)FEYSNGGPFLTPI(356), were defined and mapped onto three-dimensional models of the PPV1 virion and VP2 monomer. The epitope (228)QQITDA(233) is exposed on the virion surface, and the other two are located inside the protein. An alignment of the PPV1 VP2 amino acid sequences showed that (284)RSLGLPPK(291) and (344)FEYSNGGPFLTPI(356) are absolutely conserved, whereas (228)QQITDA(233) has a single substitution at residue 233 in some (S → A or T). We developed a VP2 epitope-based indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) to test for anti-PPV1 antibodies. In a comparative analysis with an immunoperoxidase monolayer assay using 135 guinea pig sera, the VP2-epitope-based iELISA had a concordance rate of 85.19 %, sensitivity of 83.33 %, and specificity of 85.47 %. MAb 8H6 was used to monitor VP2 during the PPV1 replication cycle in vitro with an indirect immunofluorescence assay, which indicated that newly encapsulated virions are released from the nucleus at 24 h postinfection and the PPV1 replication cycle takes less than 24 h. This study provides valuable information clarifying the antigenic structure of PPV1 VP2 and lays the foundations for PPV1 serodiagnosis and antigen detection.

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Effect of porcine parvovirus vaccination on the development of PMWS in segregated early weaned pigs coinfected with type 2 porcine circovirus and porcine parvovirus

Cited by 74 publications

References 30 publications

Differences in virulence among porcine circovirus type 2 isolates are unrelated to cluster type 2a or 2b and prior infection provides heterologous protection

Differences in virulence among porcine circovirus type 2 isolates are unrelated to cluster type 2a or 2b and prior infection provides heterologous protection

Experimental Reproduction of Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome in Pigs by Dual Infection with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Porcine Circovirus Type 2

Identification of three PPV1 VP2 protein-specific B cell linear epitopes using monoclonal antibodies against baculovirus-expressed recombinant VP2 protein

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