Effect of polyphenols from <i>Syringa vulgaris</i> on blood stasis syndrome

Abstract

In this study, we employed a previously developed in vivo assay system to determine whether the flowers and leaves of Syringa vulgaris ( S. vulgaris ; commonly known as “lilac”) can prevent blood stasis syndrome, known as oketsu in Japanese. This syndrome is considered an important pathology in traditional Chinese and Japanese medicine, and is related to diseases such as peripheral vascular disorders, blood vessel inflammation, and platelet aggregation, whose severities are augmented owing to lipid peroxidation, free radicals, and oxidative stress. The assay system employed in this study monitored the blood flow decrease in the tail vein of mice subjected to sensitization with hen egg white lysozyme. Through bioassay-guided fractionation of different S. vulgaris extracts, five polyphenols were isolated and identified. Among them, quercetine 3-glucoside, quercetin 3-rutinoside, and acteoside were identified as active compounds, as they significantly mitigated blood flow reduction. These findings indicate that the polyphenols obtained from S. vulgaris could be useful for preventing oketsu and improve the quality of life of individuals with disorders and diseases such as gynecopathy, cold sensitivity, poor circulation, allergy, and lifestyle-related diseases.

Chemical Profile, Cytotoxic Activity and Oxidative Stress Reduction of Different Syringa vulgaris L. Extracts

“…Although literature does not document detailed information regarding the chemical profile of ethanolic extracts, the polyphenolic composition was assessed in the case of extracts obtained from lilac flowers [ 10 , 15 ], fruit [ 10 ], bark [ 11 , 14 ] and leaves [ 11 , 15 , 18 ]. Tóth et al performed the HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS analysis of methanolic extracts obtained from lilac flowers and fruit and indicated 34 compounds, including 18 secoiridoids, seven phenylpropanoids, four flavonoids and five low molecular weight phenols.…”

“…Scientific data on the species support the uses that are cited in traditional medicine, being connected to the antioxidant [ 10 , 11 ], antimicrobial [ 12 ], anti-inflammatory [ 13 , 14 ] and antipyretic properties [ 4 , 5 ] and inhibitory effects on blood stasis [ 15 ]. Studies were performed on similar species belonging to the genus Syringa , as S. pinnatifolia [ 12 , 16 ], but the vast majority were performed on the S. vulgaris species [ 1 , 10 , 11 , 13 , 14 , 15 ].…”

“…Scientific data on the species support the uses that are cited in traditional medicine, being connected to the antioxidant [ 10 , 11 ], antimicrobial [ 12 ], anti-inflammatory [ 13 , 14 ] and antipyretic properties [ 4 , 5 ] and inhibitory effects on blood stasis [ 15 ]. Studies were performed on similar species belonging to the genus Syringa , as S. pinnatifolia [ 12 , 16 ], but the vast majority were performed on the S. vulgaris species [ 1 , 10 , 11 , 13 , 14 , 15 ]. The compounds that are responsible for these activities are sesquiterpenes [ 12 ], hydroxycinnamoyl derivatives and secoiridoids or secoiridoid glycosides [ 1 , 13 ], phenolic compounds [ 10 , 11 , 14 , 15 ], lignans [ 14 , 16 ], phenylpropanoids and iridoids [ 14 ].…”

“…Studies were performed on similar species belonging to the genus Syringa , as S. pinnatifolia [ 12 , 16 ], but the vast majority were performed on the S. vulgaris species [ 1 , 10 , 11 , 13 , 14 , 15 ]. The compounds that are responsible for these activities are sesquiterpenes [ 12 ], hydroxycinnamoyl derivatives and secoiridoids or secoiridoid glycosides [ 1 , 13 ], phenolic compounds [ 10 , 11 , 14 , 15 ], lignans [ 14 , 16 ], phenylpropanoids and iridoids [ 14 ]. Regarding vegetal medicinal products that were tested, they were represented by flowers [ 10 , 13 , 15 ], barks [ 11 , 14 , 16 ], stems [ 12 ], fruit [ 10 ], leaves [ 11 ] or all these [ 1 ].…”

“…The compounds that are responsible for these activities are sesquiterpenes [ 12 ], hydroxycinnamoyl derivatives and secoiridoids or secoiridoid glycosides [ 1 , 13 ], phenolic compounds [ 10 , 11 , 14 , 15 ], lignans [ 14 , 16 ], phenylpropanoids and iridoids [ 14 ]. Regarding vegetal medicinal products that were tested, they were represented by flowers [ 10 , 13 , 15 ], barks [ 11 , 14 , 16 ], stems [ 12 ], fruit [ 10 ], leaves [ 11 ] or all these [ 1 ]. Nevertheless, information on this species, on its medicinal uses and on the compounds that are responsible for these uses remain scarce [ 1 ].…”