Effect of polymorphism of isotactic polybutene‐1 on peel behavior of polyethylene/polybutene‐1 peel systems

Nase, Michael; Androsch, René; Langer, Beate; Baumann, Hans Joachim; Grellmann, W.

doi:10.1002/app.27483

Cited by 31 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Crystallization in cast films of iPB-1 occurs on rapid cooling by formation of needle-like crystals, in which the macromolecules are oriented parallel to the long axis of the needles. Furthermore, after melt-crystallization, iPB-1 transforms spontaneously from the tetragonal crystal modification II into a hexagonal crystal modification I [26][27][28][29]. This phase transformation is connected with a reduction of the density by about 5%, and is controlled in its kinetics by the molecular architecture, and perhaps the superstructure, in which crystals may be confined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With this research, we intend to further complete our previous efforts on evaluation/characterization of structure-property relations in PE-LD/iPB-1 blown films for peel film applications, which focused on the kinetics of crystal-crystal phase transition of iPB-1 in the presence of PE-LD [29], or the mechanics of the peeling process on application [30][31][32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structure of blown films of polyethylene/polybutene‐1 blends

Nase¹,

Funari²,

Michler³

et al. 2009

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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The structure of blown films of blends of low-density polyethylene (PE-LD) and isotactic polybutene-1 (iPB-1) with different content of iPB-1 was investigated using wide-and small-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS and SAXS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and polarizing optical microscopy (POM). TEM proves formation of a matrix-particle phase structure due to immiscibility of the blend components. Within the iPB-1 particles, needle-like crystals with c-axis orientation were observed. The PE-LD matrix showed two populations of crystals. WAXS data indicate that the majority of crystals were oriented with the c-axis perpendicular to machine direction (MD), while SAXS data prove additional presence of stacks of lamellae, oriented parallel to MD. Quantitative birefringence measurements showed that the majority of molecule segments were oriented in the direction of the circumference of the film, confirming the WAXS data. The crystal orientation has direct impact on mechanical properties, which was demonstrated by measurement of the anisotropy of the modulus of elasticity. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 50:249-256, 2010.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure of blown films of polyethylene/polybutene‐1 blends

Nase¹,

Funari²,

Michler³

et al. 2009

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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“…It can be stated that immiscibility and, consequently, phase separation between PE‐LD and iPB‐1 is necessary to achieve acceptable peel properties. The required peel force to open the peel film package depends, among others, on the content of iPB‐1, as well as on the peel rate, which is controlled by the customer 3…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation and simulation of the peel behavior of polyethylene/polybutene‐1 peel systems

Nase

Langer²,

Baumann

et al. 2008

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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ABSTRACT:The peel characteristics of sealed low-density polyethylene/isotactic polybutene-1 (PE-LD/iPB-1) films, with different contents of iPB-1 up to 20 m.-% (mass percentage), were evaluated and simulated in dependence on the iPB-1 content, and in dependence on the peel rate. Sealing involves close contact and localized melting of two films for a few seconds. The required force, to separate the local adhered films, is the peel force, which is influenced, among others, by the content of iPB-1. The peel force decreases exponentially with increasing iPB-1 content. Transmission electron microscopy studies reveal a favorable dispersion of the iPB-1 particles within the seal area, for iPB-1 concentrations !6 m.-%. Here, the iPB-1 particles form continuous belt-like structures, which lead to a stable and reproducible peel process. The investigation of the peel rate-dependency on the peel characteristics is of important interest for practical applications. The peel force increases with increasing peel rate by an exponential law. A numerical simulation of the present material system proves to be useful to comprehend the peel process, and to understand the peel behavior in further detail. Peel tests of different peel samples were simulated, using a two-dimensional finite element model, including cohesive zone elements. The established finite element model of the peel process was used to simulate the influence of the modulus of elasticity on the peel behavior. The peel force is independent of the modulus of elasticity, however, the peel initiation value increases with increasing modulus of elasticity.

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“…Several types of fibrillation of the material can be found, depending on the amounts of polybutene in the matrix. The difference between interlaminar and intralaminar fracture [13,14] can be observed in situ.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Assessment of Beam Damage in Polymers Caused by in situ ESEM Analysis using IR Spectroscopy

Zankel

Chernev

Brandl

et al. 2008

Macromolecular Symposia

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Summary:The environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) enables in situ analyses of non-conducting samples such as polymers, thus allowing microscopic phenomena to be correlated to macroscopic measurement data. Unfortunately, irradiation of polymers with electrons always causes beam damage [1] and it is unclear whether this damage could influence the outcome of the experiments. The amount of beam damage in polymers is mainly determined by the electron dose, which is a function of the probe current, the irradiation time, the irradiated area and the type of imaging gas used. The beam damage during in situ tensile tests of peel films was assessed using Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The band at 965 cm À1 turned out to be significant for the estimation of beam damage in this material, which was verified by long-term measurements. The measurements were performed in an ESEM Quanta 600 FEG at parameters comparable to the prior in situ tensile tests. Additional measurements were performed in a Quanta 200 at parameters typical of in situ investigations. Again, the out-of-plane trans ¼C-H wag at 965 cm À1 turned out to be significant for beam damage and was used as an indicator for beam damage (dehydrogenation) for this type of material.

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Effect of polymorphism of isotactic polybutene‐1 on peel behavior of polyethylene/polybutene‐1 peel systems

Cited by 31 publications

References 30 publications

Structure of blown films of polyethylene/polybutene‐1 blends

Structure of blown films of polyethylene/polybutene‐1 blends

Evaluation and simulation of the peel behavior of polyethylene/polybutene‐1 peel systems

Assessment of Beam Damage in Polymers Caused by in situ ESEM Analysis using IR Spectroscopy

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