Effect of Polymer Viscosity and Polymerization Kinetics on the Electrical Response of Carbon Nanotube Yarn/Vinyl Ester Monofilament Composites

Rodríguez-Uicab, Omar; Guay, Ian; Abot, Jandro L.; Avilés, F.

doi:10.3390/polym13050783

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(110 reference statements)

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“…This can be exploited to develop resin flow sensors and sensors that assist in online monitoring of the curing kinetics of thermosetting resins. [115,116]…”

Section: Thermoresistivity Of Carbon Nanotube Fibers and Yarnsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermoresistivity of Carbon Nanostructures and their Polymeric Nanocomposites

Avilés

2023

Adv Materials Inter

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Carbon nanostructures such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, and its multi‐layer derivatives exhiibit temperature‐dependent electrical conductivity. They can form percolated networks inside polymers, which render electrical conductivity to nanocomposites. Upon the formation of a percolated network, thermal energy applied to the material drives structural changes of the network, which manifest as changes in electrical conductivity. This principle is used to develop smart materials with self‐sensing temperature capabilities. This critical review covers past and present research on the electrical response to temperature (thermoresistivity) of carbon nanostructures and their polymeric nanocomposites. It covers few‐ and multi‐layer graphene, carbon nanotubes, carbon‐nanostructured arrays and fibers (yarns). The mechanisms driving the thermoresistive response of individual nanostructures, their arrays, and of their polymeric nanocomposites are addressed. The role of the nanostructured filler on the thermoresistivity of polymer nanocomposites depends on its morphology and concentration. For low filler concentrations, thermal expansion of the polymer may dominate over the inherent thermoresistivity of the filler. For high filler concentrations, or for densely packed arrays of carbon nanostructures, the inherent (quantum) thermoresistive response of the nanostructures becomes dominant. The review addresses recent progress in the field, highlights current issues, synthesizes published data, and provides outlooks and insights into future directions.

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“…This can be exploited to develop resin flow sensors and sensors that assist in online monitoring of the curing kinetics of thermosetting resins. [115,116]…”

Section: Thermoresistivity Of Carbon Nanotube Fibers and Yarnsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermoresistivity of Carbon Nanostructures and their Polymeric Nanocomposites

Avilés

2023

Adv Materials Inter

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“…According to It is observed that the curing process of SR 1 and SR 2 does not affect the final or residual value of ∆R/R 0 significantly (~3.8% in CNTY/SR 1 and~3.3% in CNTY/SR 2 ). The difference between the electrical response of CNTY/SR 1 and CNTY/SR 2 during the polymerization process could be attributed to the difference in the curing kinetics and crosslinking density during the polymerization process [10,13,14].…”

Section: Swelling Experiments Of Cnty/silicone Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the high porosity of the CNTYs may promote infiltration of liquids between the CNT bundles affecting the stiffness, toughness, and electrical conductivity of the yarn by separating the adjacent CNT bundles and increasing the contact electrical resistance [3,[7][8][9]. It was observed that C 2021, 7, 60 2 of 14 the thermoresistive properties of the embedded CNTY strongly depend on the chemical structure of the polymeric matrix, temperature range, porosity, and capillary diffusion of polar liquids [3,8,[10][11][12][13][14][15]. Rodríguez-Uicab et al [10] investigated the effect of the curing kinetics of epoxy resins with different viscosities on the thermoresistive response of the CNTY monofilament composites at different curing temperatures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results showed that the fractional change in electrical resistance of the CNTY/epoxy resin increased (~9%) during the curing process of an epoxy resin with a viscosity of 59 cP cured at 130 • C, while it decreased (~−9%) for another epoxy with viscosity of 115 cP cured at 60 • C. It was observed that the curing kinetics of epoxy resin has a dominant role on the electrical resistance of CNTY monofilament composites due to the resin infiltration, electrochemical charge transfer, chemical and thermal shrinkage, and thermal stresses. Rodríguez-Uicab et al [13] also investigated the effect of polymerization kinetics of the resin on the electrical response of CNTY/vinyl ester monofilament composites using three different levels of initiator (methyl ethyl ketone peroxide). It was observed that upon resin wetting, wicking, and infiltration, the fractional change in electrical resistance of the CNTY decreased (~−0.8%) for all initiator concentrations during the polymerization process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Monitoring of Curing and Cyclic Thermoresistive Response Using Monofilament Carbon Nanotube Yarn Silicone Composites

Tayyarian

Rodríguez-Uicab

Abot

2021

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The curing process and thermoresistive response of a single carbon nanotube yarn (CNTY) embedded in a room temperature vulcanizing (RTV) silicone forming a CNTY monofilament composite were investigated toward potential applications in integrated curing monitoring and temperature sensing. Two RTV silicones of different crosslinking mechanisms, SR1 and SR2 (tin- and platinum-cured, respectively), were used to investigate their curing kinetics using the electrical response of the CNTY. It is shown that the relative electrical resistance change of CNTY/SR1 and CNTY/SR2 monofilament composites increased by 3.8% and 3.3%, respectively, after completion of the curing process. The thermoresistive characterization of the CNTY monofilament composites was conducted during heating–cooling ramps ranging from room temperature (RT~25 °C) to 100 °C. The thermoresistive response was nearly linear with a negative temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) at heating and cooling sections for both CNTY/SR1 and CNTY/SR2 monofilament composites. The average TCR value was −8.36 × 10−4 °C−1 for CNTY/SR1 and −7.26 × 10−4 °C−1 for CNTY/SR2. Both monofilament composites showed a negligible negative residual relative electrical resistance change with average values of ~−0.11% for CNTY/SR1 and ~−0.16% for CNTY/SR2 after each cycle. The hysteresis amounted to ~21.85% in CNTY/SR1 and ~29.80% in CNTY/SR2 after each cycle. In addition, the effect of heating rate on the thermoresistive sensitivity of CNTY monofilament composites was investigated and it was shown that it reduces as the heating rate increases.

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Effect of Polymer Viscosity and Polymerization Kinetics on the Electrical Response of Carbon Nanotube Yarn/Vinyl Ester Monofilament Composites

Cited by 2 publications

References 41 publications

Thermoresistivity of Carbon Nanostructures and their Polymeric Nanocomposites

Thermoresistivity of Carbon Nanostructures and their Polymeric Nanocomposites

Monitoring of Curing and Cyclic Thermoresistive Response Using Monofilament Carbon Nanotube Yarn Silicone Composites

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