Effect of polyethylene glycol on mechanical properties of bamboo fiber‐reinforced polylactic acid composites

Long, Haibo; Wu, Zhiqiang; Dong, Qianqian; Shen, Yuting; Zhou, Wuyi; Luo, Ying; Zhang, Chaoqun; Dong, Xiaoli

doi:10.1002/app.47709

Cited by 50 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…When the micronized fibers (Cel355) were added to the matrices, the MFR gradually decreased. Similar observations have been reported for composites of PLA or PHB reinforced with different natural fibers (e.g., jute and hemp) [31,58] and the decrease was mainly attributed to the bad dispersion of the fibers within the matrices and to the fiber/fiber and fiber/matrix frictions [31,58]. However, since the composites in the present work…”

Section: Melt Flow Ratesupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Figure 10A,C represent the melt flow rate of the PLA and PHB matrices prior to and after melt-mixing, along with the melt flow rate of the composites with different fiber loadings, while Figure 10B,D show the melt flow of the composites having fibers with different aspect ratios. show a good dispersion of the micronized fibers, as previously discussed, the decrease in the MFR probably has to do with the increase in the friction between fibers and between fibers with the matrices, which its turn decreases the ease of flow [58]. Moreover, the most pronounced decreases in the MFR were noted for PHB-based composites, which, according to the SEM micrographs, were slightly less compatible with the fibers than the PLA matrices.…”

Section: Melt Flow Ratesupporting

confidence: 51%

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Effect of the Micronization of Pulp Fibers on the Properties of Green Composites

et al. 2021

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Green composites, composed of bio-based matrices and natural fibers, are a sustainable alternative for composites based on conventional thermoplastics and glass fibers. In this work, micronized bleached Eucalyptus kraft pulp (BEKP) fibers were used as reinforcement in biopolymeric matrices, namely poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(hydroxybutyrate) (PHB). The influence of the load and aspect ratio of the mechanically treated microfibers on the morphology, water uptake, melt flowability, and mechanical and thermal properties of the green composites were investigated. Increasing fiber loads raised the tensile and flexural moduli as well as the tensile strength of the composites, while decreasing their elongation at the break and melt flow rate. The reduced aspect ratio of the micronized fibers (in the range from 11.0 to 28.9) improved their embedment in the matrices, particularly for PHB, leading to superior mechanical performance and lower water uptake when compared with the composites with non-micronized pulp fibers. The overall results show that micronization is a simple and sustainable alternative for conventional chemical treatments in the manufacturing of entirely bio-based composites.

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Section: Melt Flow Ratesupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Melt Flow Ratesupporting

confidence: 51%

Effect of the Micronization of Pulp Fibers on the Properties of Green Composites

et al. 2021

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“…In particular, natural fibers reinforced with plastic composites have high mechanical properties, and have great potential in the application of packaging materials [1]. Previous works have confirmed that blending plastic with appropriate sisal, bagasse, bamboo flour (BF), flax, wood powder, or other cellulose fibers could significantly reinforce the mechanical properties of the plastic composite, especially the bending modulus and impact strength [2][3][4][5][6][7]. The physical properties, such as length, diameter, growth cycle, and cost, of the most-used natural fibers are listed in Table 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Diisocyanates as Compatibilizer on the Properties of BF/PBAT Composites by In Situ Reactive Compatibilization, Crosslinking and Chain Extension

et al. 2020

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Due to the hydrophobic nature of poly (butylene terephthalate) (PBAT), and the hydrophilic nature of bamboo flour (BF), a BF/PBAT (50/50) blend shows low mechanical properties, and especially shows poor impact strength. In order to increase the interfacial adhesion between BF and PBAT, diisocyanate was used as a reactive compatibilizer to modify bamboo powder. A series of BF/PBAT composites were prepared by the method of mixing and melting in an internal mixer. After adding reactive compatibilizer 4,4 -methylenebis(phenyl isocyanate) (MDI), BF/PBAT (50/50) composites with high mechanical properties were successfully prepared. The tensile strength, elongation at break, and impact strength of the BF/MDI-2/PBAT composite with 2 wt % MDI content were increased by 1.9, 6.8, and 4.3 times respectively over the BF/PBAT blend without the added MDI. The higher toughening effect of MDI in BF/PBAT composites can be mainly ascribed to the improved interface bonding between BF and PBAT. The isocyanate group of MDI can react with the hydroxyl group on the BF surface and in situ formation of the carbamate group on the BF surface. The residual isocyanate can then react with the hydroxyl group of PBAT and form carbamate groups. The rheological behaviors demonstrate that addition of appropriate amounts of MDI, 1 wt % and 2 wt %, can promote the flowability of the molten BF/PBAT composites due to the decrease in interparticle interaction between bamboo powder and the increase in the thermal motion of the molecules.Bamboo fiber is composed of cellulose, lignin, hemicellulose, and other macromolecules, which have strong rigidity. In addition, it has the advantages of antibacterial, low cost, and high recovery rate. More significantly, bamboo flour can not only be used as a reinforcement, but also can act as a nucleation agent to improve the crystallization performance and crystallization rate of the composite [3,7-9].

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“…The third section deals with the blend of PLLA and poly(ethylene glycol), PEG. PEG is a biocompatible polymer which is known for improving the toughness of PLLA [20,27,28]. The crystallization study of the PLLA/PEG blend is important from the aspect of the structural development, due to the fact that both the component (PLLA and PEG) are crystallizable having different T g and T m .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Developments in the Crystallization of PLLA-Based Blends, Block Copolymers, and Nanocomposites

Pandey¹,

Sakurai²

2022

Crystallization and Applications

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Despite the extensive studies of poly(L-lactic acid)(PLLA), the crystallization of PLLA-based materials is still not completely understood. This chapter presents recent developments of crystallization of PLLA-based blends, block copolymers and nanocomposites. The first section of the chapter discusses the acceleration of PLLA crystallization by the inclusion of biobased (solid and liquid state) additives. It was found that the solid state additives work as a nucleating agent while the liquid-state additive works as a plasticizer. Both type of the additives can significantly enhance the crystallization of PLLA, as indicated by crystallization half-time (t0.5) values. Such composites are of great interest as they are 100% based on renewable resources. The second section talks about the enhanced formation of stereocomplex (SC) crystals in the PLLA/PDLA (50/50) blends by adding 1% SFN. It was found that the loading of SFN enhances the formation of SC crystals and it suppresses the formation of HC (homocrystal). The third section deals with confined crystallization of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) in a PLLA/PEG blend. The PLLA/PEG (50/50) blend specimen was heated up to 180.0°C and kept at this temperature for 5 min. Then, a two-step temperature-jump was conducted as 180.0°C → 127.0°C → 45.0°C. For this particular condition, it was found that PEG can crystallize only in the preformed spherulites of PLLA, as no crystallization of PEG was found in the matrix of the mixed PLLA/PEG amorphous phase. The last section describes the confined crystallization of PCL in the diblock and triblock copolymers of PLA-PCL. Furthermore, enantiomeric blends of PLLA-PCL and PDLA-PCL or PLLA-PCL-PLLA and PDLA-PCL-PDLA have been examined for the purpose of the improvement of the poor mechanical property of PLLA to which the SC formation of PLLA with PDLA components are relevant.

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Effect of polyethylene glycol on mechanical properties of bamboo fiber‐reinforced polylactic acid composites

Cited by 50 publications

References 37 publications

Effect of the Micronization of Pulp Fibers on the Properties of Green Composites

Effect of the Micronization of Pulp Fibers on the Properties of Green Composites

Effect of Diisocyanates as Compatibilizer on the Properties of BF/PBAT Composites by In Situ Reactive Compatibilization, Crosslinking and Chain Extension

Recent Developments in the Crystallization of PLLA-Based Blends, Block Copolymers, and Nanocomposites

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