Effect of Political Processes on Demographic Development of Georgia

Abstract

Demographic development of any country is a complex process related to many changes realized in the society and to political processes among them. The goal of the research is to determine peculiarities of demographic development due to political processes in the independent Georgia. The issue is rather urgent in a view point of the fact that the territorial integrity of the country is destroyed due to political processes and demographic situation has been deteriorated as well. Population decreased from 5,45 million to 3,73 million in the independent Georgia in 1991-2015. As a result of research the main reasons of the reduction of population were the political processes. In addition, natural growth rate dropped down as a result of deterioration of social-economic conditions and emigration became active due to compulsive migration. Improvement of the demographic situation is possible by restoring territorial integrity of the country, political stabilization and implementation of demographic policy. A lot of countries have demographic problems deteriorated as a result of political processes but the studies in this direction are less likely to be conducted. Therefore, studying the problem on the example of Georgia will be both, cognitive and applied at the same time.

Territorial organisation’s originalities of the population of Ajara

“…In particular, two adjacent boroughs (Khelvachauri and Makhinjauri) and 13 villages were connected to Batumi. It should also be mentioned that the population of Batumi City is rapidly increasing (it was 136,5 thousand in 1989 and will become 173,7 thousand in 2022), and presumably, this pace will continue in the future as a large part of potential migrants prefer to settle in Batumi City [6]. Accordingly, an increase in density in village settlements due to the development of demographic processes is not expected.…”

Political and Social-Economic Aspects of Changes in Age and Gender Structure of Population of Georgia

“…The historical and modern development of demographic processes of Georgia is studied in details (Dhaohvili, 1996;Botev, 2012;Meladze, 2013;Davies and James, 2016;Putkaradze et al, 2019;Tsuladze et al, 2008), but there is no perfect study regarding the complex assessment of main properties of demographic processeschanges of its age and gender structure through impact of political and social-economic factors. Coming out of topic`s urgency, its detailed research needs quantitative and qualitative analysis (Putkaradze et al, 2018;Farré, 2013;Patel, 2013;Rossi, 2018), which itself needs comparison of demographic processes of the region and the world (Gavrilov et al, 2010;Ward, et al, 2010;Carstensen, 2015;Kulu and González-Ferrer, 2014;England, 2017;Merchant, 2012;Kunisch, et al, 2011) and establishment of references in line of condition`s improvement.…”