Effect of Platelet-Rich Plasma on Chondrogenic Differentiation of Adipose- and Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Abstract

Post-traumatic and focal cartilage defects of the knee affect over 3 million Americans annually. Autologous cell-based cartilage repair, for example, autologous chondrocyte implantation, is limited by the need for ex vivo chondrocyte expansion and donor site morbidity. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), owing to their relative ease of isolation, higher replication activity, and chondrogenic potential, represent an alternative reparative cell type. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is an autologous, growth factor-rich biologic preparation that has recently received increasing attention and use as a therapeutic adjunct for the treatment of degenerative joint diseases, and there is evidence suggesting that PRP acts by promoting stem cell proliferation and tissue healing. In this study, we have examined the effect of PRP treatment on chondrogenic differentiation of adult human MSCs derived from infrapatellar fat pad-adipose stem cells (IFP-ASCs) and bone marrow (BM-MSCs). Both cell types were placed in high-density pellet culture and hydrogel-encapsulated culture under chondrogenic conditions. Our results showed that PRP did not improve IFP-ASC or BM-MSC chondrogenesis. In general, chondrogenesis was inhibited with increasing PRP concentrations and duration of exposure, on the basis of histological, biochemical, and gene expression analyses. Taken together, these findings suggest that although PRP is reported to be beneficial in terms of pain relief and joint function improvement, its mechanism of action is unlikely to directly involve enhancement of MSC-mediated hyaline cartilage formation.

Chitosan‐based scaffold counteracts hypertrophic and fibrotic markers in chondrogenic differentiated mesenchymal stromal cells

“…The fastest stress relaxation of hydrogels with First, we demonstrated that it was necessary to use a higher concentration of hBM-MSCs for obtaining their chondrogenic differentiation. In fact, by only using 10 6 hBM-MSCs, it was possible to reach a cell condensation necessary to promote their chondrogenic differentiation, as also reported by other studies (Agrawal et al, 2018;Liou, Rothrauff, Alexander, & Tuan, 2018;Occhetta et al, 2018). Moreover, we also evidenced that in static condition, a longer time point (Day 48) was necessary to obtain a scaffold completely filled both outside and inside.…”

“…Our data evidenced that HPL chronically used during hBM‐MSCs chondrogenic differentiation decreased typical chondrogenic, hypertrophic, and fibrotic makers during time in culture. Other reports (Liou et al, ; Moreira Teixeira et al, ) have confirmed that HPL counteracted the positive effects on hBM‐MSC chondrogenesis by reducing collagen type 2 and aggrecan. Recently, Liou et al () carried out an in‐depth evaluation on the effects of both different HPL concentration and time of exposure on hBM‐MSCs chondrogenic differentiation and showed that chondrogenesis was inhibited with increasing HPL concentration and duration of exposure.…”

“…Other reports (Liou et al, ; Moreira Teixeira et al, ) have confirmed that HPL counteracted the positive effects on hBM‐MSC chondrogenesis by reducing collagen type 2 and aggrecan. Recently, Liou et al () carried out an in‐depth evaluation on the effects of both different HPL concentration and time of exposure on hBM‐MSCs chondrogenic differentiation and showed that chondrogenesis was inhibited with increasing HPL concentration and duration of exposure. In fact, in line with our data, they evidenced a decrease of collagen type 2, aggrecan, and collagen type 10, all these negative effects were counterbalanced by a short time HPL exposure (less than 24 hr) that seemed not dependent by different HPL concentration (1%).…”

Glycosaminoglycan and Proteoglycan Biotherapeutics in Articular Cartilage Protection and Repair Strategies: Novel Approaches to Visco‐supplementation in Orthobiologics

“…[26] As already stated, the therapeutic properties of PRP are based on the presence of PDGF, TGF-β, VEGF, IGF-I, PF4, EGF, HGF, and SDF-1α stored in the platelet a-granules. [407] 6. The standardization of procedures for the use of PRP and selection criteria for subjects who will maximally benefit from the procedure will hopefully minimize this biological spread.…”

American Society for Bone and Mineral Research-Orthopaedic Research Society Joint Task Force Report on Cell-Based Therapies

“…(39,40) Consequently, some successful outcomes are attributed to factors transiently produced by the donor cells that influence a successful host reparative response. (47) However, the biological action of PRP, eg, in regulating differentiation of multipotent MSCs, (48) remains unclear. If these factors could be identified, they could be used directly without the need for supplying the producing cells.…”