Effect of plastic deformation on the mechanical properties and the fine-structure parameters of Pb-Ca-Sn alloys

Башев, В. Ф.; Zhitnik, N. E.; Иванов, В. А.; Rybalka, D. A.; Tkachenko, Yu. A.

doi:10.1134/s0036029511010034

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…[8][9][10] Typical composition of Pb-Ca-Sn alloys is 0.08-0.12% Ca and 0.2-0.4% Sn for negative grids while as positive grids 0.04-0.06% Ca and 1.0-1.2% Sn is used. 11) Research studies to improve the performance of Pb-Ca-Sn grids by controlling the alloying elements and heat treatments received atten-tion. [12][13][14][15][16][17] The present work is a preliminary evaluation study that is aimed to encourage the use of the recycled lead with impurity levels considerably above those in the industrial standards.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Tolerance of Some Elemental Impurities on Performance of Pb-Ca-Sn Positive Pole Grids of Lead-Acid Batteries

El-Rahman¹,

Gad‐Allah²,

Salih³

et al. 2012

Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology

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:The electrochemical performance of positive pole grids of lead-acid batteries made of Pb-0.08%Ca-1.1%Sn alloys without and with 0.1 wt% of each of Cu, As or Sb and with 0.1 wt% of Cu, As and Sb combined was investigated by electrochemical methods in 4.0 M H 2 SO 4 . The corrodibility of alloys under open-circuit conditions and constant current charging of the positive pole, the positive pole gassing and the self-discharge of the charged positive pole were studied. All impurities (Cu, As, Sb) were found to decrease the corrosion resistance, R corr after 1/2 hour corrosion, but after 24 hours an improvement in R corr was recorded for Sb containing alloy and the alloy with the three impurities combined. While an individual impurity was found to enhance oxygen evolution reaction, the impurities combined significantly inhibition this reaction and the related water loss problem was improved. Impedance results were found helpful in identification of the species involved in the charging/discharging and the self-discharge of the positive pole. Impurities individually or combined were found to increase the self-discharge during polarization (33-68%), where Sb containing alloy was the worst and impurities combined alloy was the least. The corrosion of the positive pole grid in the constant current charging was found to increase in the presence of impurities by 5-10%. Under open-circuit, the self-discharge of the charged positive grids was found to increase significantly (92-212%) in the presence of impurities, with Sb-containing alloy was the worst. The important result of the study is that the harmful effect of the studied impurities combined was not additive but sometimes lesser than any individual impurity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Tolerance of Some Elemental Impurities on Performance of Pb-Ca-Sn Positive Pole Grids of Lead-Acid Batteries

El-Rahman¹,

Gad‐Allah²,

Salih³

et al. 2012

Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…[8][9][10] Typical composition of Pb-Ca-Sn alloys is 0.08-0.12% Ca and 0.2-0.4% Sn for negative grids while as positive grids 0.04-0.06% Ca and 1.0-1.2% Sn is used. 11) Research studies to improve the performance of Pb-Ca-Sn grids by controlling the alloying elements and heat treatments received atten-124 H.A. Abd El-Rahman , A.G. Gad-Allah, S.A. Salih, and A. M. Abd El-Wahab tion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Tolerance of Some Elemental Impurities on Performance of Pb-Ca-Sn Positive Pole Grids of Lead-Acid Batteries

El-Rahman¹,

Gad-Allah²,

Salih³

et al. 2012

J. Electrochem. Sci. Technol

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The electrochemical performance of positive pole grids of lead-acid batteries made of Pb-0.08%Ca-1.1%Sn alloys without and with 0.1 wt% of each of Cu, As or Sb and with 0.1 wt% of Cu, As and Sb combined was investigated by electrochemical methods in 4.0 M H 2 SO 4. The corrodibility of alloys under open-circuit conditions and constant current charging of the positive pole, the positive pole gassing and the self-discharge of the charged positive pole were studied. All impurities (Cu, As, Sb) were found to decrease the corrosion resistance, R corr after 1/2 hour corrosion, but after 24 hours an improvement in R corr was recorded for Sb containing alloy and the alloy with the three impurities combined. While an individual impurity was found to enhance oxygen evolution reaction, the impurities combined significantly inhibition this reaction and the related water loss problem was improved. Impedance results were found helpful in identification of the species involved in the charging/discharging and the self-discharge of the positive pole. Impurities individually or combined were found to increase the self-discharge during polarization (33-68%), where Sb containing alloy was the worst and impurities combined alloy was the least. The corrosion of the positive pole grid in the constant current charging was found to increase in the presence of impurities by 5-10%. Under open-circuit, the self-discharge of the charged positive grids was found to increase significantly (92-212%) in the presence of impurities, with Sb-containing alloy was the worst. The important result of the study is that the harmful effect of the studied impurities combined was not additive but sometimes lesser than any individual impurity.

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Effect of Surface Mechanical Attrition Treatment (SMAT) on the Surface and Electrochemical Characteristics of Pb-Sn Alloy

Balusamy

Venkateswarlu²,

Murthy³

et al. 2014

International Journal of Electrochemical Science

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Effect of plastic deformation on the mechanical properties and the fine-structure parameters of Pb-Ca-Sn alloys

Cited by 5 publications

References 1 publication

Evaluation of Tolerance of Some Elemental Impurities on Performance of Pb-Ca-Sn Positive Pole Grids of Lead-Acid Batteries

Evaluation of Tolerance of Some Elemental Impurities on Performance of Pb-Ca-Sn Positive Pole Grids of Lead-Acid Batteries

Evaluation of Tolerance of Some Elemental Impurities on Performance of Pb-Ca-Sn Positive Pole Grids of Lead-Acid Batteries

Effect of Surface Mechanical Attrition Treatment (SMAT) on the Surface and Electrochemical Characteristics of Pb-Sn Alloy

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