Effect of Plasma Treatment Condition on Mechanical and Chemical Properties of Carbon Fibers

Lee, Hyun-Kyung; Kim, Gyungha; Kim, Kyungeun; Kim, Hakyong; Kim, Dae Up

doi:10.1007/s11665-022-07632-4

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…It has been reported that there was almost no surface reaction as a result of heat treatment at 600 °C~700 °C in H 2 /Ar atmosphere [ 27 ] (an inert gas) and that a defect exists on the surface of a CF at 600 °C or higher in cases of heat treatment in a nitrogen atmosphere [ 28 ]. In addition, in the case of plasma treatment in an oxygen atmosphere, the surface of the CF was seriously damaged after 5 min, the diameter of the fiber was rapidly reduced, and some of it was lost at 7 min, resulting in loss of the function of the CF [ 38 ]. This is believed to increase the number and size of pores that exist due to chemical reactions on the surface of CF, depending on the degree of exposure to liquid and gas to be treated during surface treatment.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rong et al reported that when heat treatment was performed in an oxygen atmosphere, pitting occurred on the surface of the fiber, and the surface area increased without a change in tensile strength at 420 °C for up to 1 h, but after 2 h, the tensile strength decreased, the pitting agglomerated, and the surface area gradually decreased [ 29 ]. Lee et al showed that plasma treatment in an oxygen atmosphere was almost similar to untreated CF for up to 1 min but showed a rapid decrease up to approximately 52% compared to untreated CF at 5 min [ 38 ]. In general, when CF is surface treated, as the temperature, treatment time, and treatment energy increase, surface erosion and carbon and oxygen inside the CF react violently, resulting in the deterioration of the carbon fiber and loss of mechanical strength.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, surface treatment includes wetting methods (liquid oxidation) such as sulfuric acid and nitric acid [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ], dry methods (dry gaseous oxidation) [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ] such as high-temperature treatment in an atmosphere of oxidizing gas or inert gas, electric oxidation methods [ 3 , 30 , 31 , 32 ], the plasma method [ 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 ] of surface treatment using ionized gas, and exposure to strong energy such as ozone and ultraviolet rays (energetic ions oxidation) [ 40 , 41 , 42 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigating the Effects of Nitric Acid Treatments on the Properties of Recycled Carbon Fiber

et al. 2023

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In this study, the chemical state change of recycled carbon fiber (rCF) surfaces and the mechanism of the oxygen functional groups according to nitric acid treatment at various times and temperatures were investigated to upcycle the carbon fiber recovered from used carbon composite. When treated with nitric acid at 25 °C, the carbon fiber surface demonstrated the same tensile properties as untreated carbon fiber (CF) for up to 5 h, and the oxygen functional group and polar surface energy of C–O (hydroxyl group) and C=O (carbonyl group) increased slightly compared to the untreated CF up to 5 h. On the other hand, at 100 °C, the tensile properties slightly decreased compared to untreated CF up to 5 h, and the amount of C–O and C=O decreased and the amount of O=C–O (lactone group) started to increase until 1 h. After 1 h, the amount of C-O and C=O decreased significantly, and the amount of O=C–O increased rapidly. At 5 h, the amount of oxygen functional groups increased by 92%, and the polar surface energy increased by 200% compared to desized CF. It was determined that the interfacial bonding force increased the most because the oxygen functional group, O=C–O, increased greatly at 100 °C and 5 h.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigating the Effects of Nitric Acid Treatments on the Properties of Recycled Carbon Fiber

et al. 2023

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“…Another field of study on what is defined as bulk modification is improving interfacial adhesion with fibers in composites. Extensive research has been done into the plasma treatment of natural [136,137] and carbon [138][139][140][141][142][143] fibers, but the literature is sparse in plasmamodified polymers for this application.…”

Section: Plasma As a Polymer Bulk Modification Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of polymer surface modification by cold plasmas toward bulk functionalization

Bertin,

Leitao,

Bickerton

et al. 2024

Plasma Processes & Polymers

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Plasma surface modification of polymers is a well‐established method applied to increase the surface energy of these materials, where the capacity of cold plasmas to generate free radicals and functionalize the surface with polar groups is widely reported in the literature. This article provides a comprehensive literature review on plasma surface treatment, plasma‐induced grafting, and plasma polymerization, evaluating how these techniques can be applied to modify the bulk properties of polymers. A novel process of plasma‐induced polymer bulk functionalization in the melt state is introduced, where an atmospheric pressure plasma jet could be applied to a continuous reactive extrusion process, enhancing the production of graft copolymers for compatibilization of polymeric blends and fiber composites.

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“…This study aims at establishing the role of the preliminary cold plasma treatment of CFs [ 48 ] and determining the optimal parameters (primarily, the process duration) of interlayer adhesion in PPS-based laminates. In this case, the investigated parameter was assessed empirically through both ILSS testing of the PPS/CF laminate samples and ILSS computer simulation implementing the finite element method (FEM).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and Deformation Behavior of Polyphenylene Sulfide-Based Laminates Reinforced with Carbon Fiber Tapes Activated by Cold Atmospheric Plasma

Kosmachev,

Panin,

Panov

et al. 2023

Polymers

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Low-temperature plasma treatment with atmospheric discharge with runaway electrons (DRE) was shown to be an efficient way to activate carbon fiber’s (CF) surface and subsequently increase its interlayer shear strength (ILSS) values. It was demonstrated that an acceptable ILSS level was achieved after a DRE plasma treatment duration of 15 min. The treatment of CFs resulted in their surface roughness being increased and their functional groups grafting. The XPS data showed a change in the chemical composition and the formation of reactive oxygen-containing groups. SEM examinations of the PPS/CF laminates clearly demonstrated a difference in adhesive interaction at the PPS/CF interface. After the DRE plasma treatment, CFs were better wetted with the polymer, and the samples cohesively fractured predominantly through the matrix, but not along the PPS/CF interface, as was observed for the sample reinforced with the untreated CFs. The computer simulation results showed that raising the adhesive strength enhanced the ILSS values, but reduced resistance to transverse cracking under the loading pin. In general, higher flexural strength of the PPS/CF laminates was achieved with a greater interlayer adhesion level, which was consistent with the obtained experimental data.

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Effect of Plasma Treatment Condition on Mechanical and Chemical Properties of Carbon Fibers

Cited by 9 publications

References 31 publications

Investigating the Effects of Nitric Acid Treatments on the Properties of Recycled Carbon Fiber

Investigating the Effects of Nitric Acid Treatments on the Properties of Recycled Carbon Fiber

A review of polymer surface modification by cold plasmas toward bulk functionalization

Structure and Deformation Behavior of Polyphenylene Sulfide-Based Laminates Reinforced with Carbon Fiber Tapes Activated by Cold Atmospheric Plasma

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