Effect of plasma electrolytic oxidation in the solutions containing Ca, P, Si, Na on the properties of titanium

Abstract

The surface layers were formed on titanium by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) in the solutions which contain various amounts of Na(2)SiO(3)x5H(2)O, Na(3)PO(4) x12H(2)O and Ca(CH(3)COO)(2) xH(2)O. The layers were characterized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) coupled with an energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and an X-ray diffractometer (XRD). The titanium/oxide surface layer interface was analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The adhesive strength of the oxide layers was evaluated by the scratch-test. The bioactivity of the surface was determined by soaking in a simulated body fluid (SBF) for 7 and 30 days. The corrosion resistance was determined by electrochemical methods after 13, 181, and 733 h exposure in SBF at a temperature of 37°C. The oxide layers obtained were rough and porous and enriched with Ca, P, Si, and Na and their properties depended on the concentration of the components of the electrolyte. The results of the electrochemical examinations, after a 13 h exposure in SBF, show that the surface modification by PEO improves the corrosion resistance of titanium and it is not degraded after a long-term exposure in SBF. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results indicate that the surface layers have a complex structure.

Electrochemical behavior of bioactive coatings on cp-Ti surface for dental application

“…These findings are in agreement with other studies [14, 17, 26]. The morphology of the thicker oxide layers formed with higher Ca concentration demonstrated different aspect regarding porous structures from those of lower Ca/P ratio.…”

Characterisation of Calcium- and Phosphorus-Enriched Porous Coatings on CP Titanium Grade 2 Fabricated by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation

“…Nowadays, light metals such as titanium [1][2][3][4], niobium [5][6][7][8][9], tantalum [10][11][12][13][14][15], and their alloys [16][17][18][19][20][21][22], after electrochemical treatment (electropolishing and/or plasma electrolytic oxidation), may be used as biomaterials (implant materials) because of their mechanical properties [23][24][25][26][27], good corrosion resistance [28][29][30][31] in body fluids, and osteointegration [32][33][34]. The electropolishing…”

EIS, Mott Schottky and EFM analysis of the electrochemical stability and dielectric properties of Ca-P-Ag and Ca-P-Si-Ag coatings obtained by plasma electrolytic oxidation in Ti6Al4V

“…Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) is one of the techniques for this purpose to enhance the mechanical properties, wear resistance, and the good adhesion with the substrate exhibited by the coatings. Also, PEO allows easily ions incorporation in the electrolytic plasma solution and an easy technological development of the technique [7,8].…”

“…Different formulations for the electrolytic plasma solution have been proposed containing ions such as calcium, phosphorus, and silicon, which are known to be precursors of osteogenesis in calcium phosphates form in order to obtain osseointegrated coatings by PEO over a substrate of Ti6Al4 [7,9]. PEO consisted on a discharging mechanism, where a continuous gas envelope is formed around the anode.…”