Effect of Planting into a Green Winter Cereal Rye Cover Crop on Growth and Development, Seedling Disease, and Yield of Corn

Acharya, Jyotsna; Kaspar, T. C.; Lenssen, Andrew W.; Gailans, Stefan; Robertson, Alison E.

doi:10.1094/pdis-04-21-0836-re

Cited by 15 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Termination timing had a strong effect on the cover crop biomass production in 2019 and 2020 in Ames ( p = 0.0327 and p < 0.0001, respectively; Table 2) and these data concur with other studies done in Iowa (Acharya et al., 2017, 2022). The amount of biomass almost doubled for the later 3 DBP termination compared to the 14 DBP termination.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…According to them, the increased competition between plants in higher populations can reduce individual plant size which can be translated into similar amounts of CR biomass. Termination timing had a strong effect on the cover crop biomass production in 2019 and 2020 in Ames (p = 0.0327 and p < 0.0001, respectively; Table 2) and these data concur with other studies done in Iowa (Acharya et al, 2017(Acharya et al, , 2022. The amount of biomass almost doubled for the later 3 DBP termination compared to the 14 DBP termination.…”

Section: Amessupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Corn yield reductions following a grass cover crop have been reported in several studies (Acharya et al, 2017(Acharya et al, , 2018(Acharya et al, , 2022Kaspar & Bakker, 2015;Pantoja et al, 2016;Patel et al, 2019), while other studies (Blanco-Canqui et al, 2017;Dozier et al, 2017;Snapp & Surapur, 2018) have reported no effect of a grass cover crop on corn productivity. We concur with Gailans (2022) that the amount of biomass produced by the grass cover crop plays an instrumental role in reduced corn yield.…”

Section: Barren Plants and Corn Grain Yieldmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Consequently, greater CR root biomass in the late-terminated treatment implies greater populations of soil-borne pathogens, specifically Pythium. Acharya et al (2017Acharya et al ( , 2022 detected higher populations of Pythium in corn as cereal biomass increased. More root biomass occupies more soil volume and favors the accumulation of soil-borne pathogens and inoculum in both quantity and space (Kurtz et al, 2021;Leclerc et al, 2013).…”

Section: Plant Density (Plants Hamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cereal rye cover crop seeding method, seeding rate, and termination timing effects corn development and seedling disease

et al. 2023

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Cover crops decrease nutrient leaching from high-input cropping systems and improve soil quality. In Iowa, cereal rye (CR, Secale cereale L.) is the most adopted species due to its winter hardiness, high biomass productivity, and low cost. Field management of CR is still not completely understood, and as its adoption brings more complexity to farmers, especially with the uncertain effects on corn (Zea mays L.) yields, adoption is slow. Additionally, cover crops immobilize N and increase the inoculum of pathogens such as Pythium spp. A 2-year field experiment was conducted at three locations in Iowa investigating the effect of two seeding methods, three seeding rates, and two termination timings (one location only) of CR on CR biomass and corn growth, root disease, and yield. Cereal rye biomass and consequently corn growth and development were not affected by seeding rate but by seeding method and termination timing. Broadcast CR produced an average of 3.5 times more biomass but 7.2% less corn yield than the drilled CR. Cereal rye when terminated late (3 days before planting [DBP]) produced 2.1 times greater biomass but 4.1% less corn yield compared to early termination (14 DBP). In general, greater root rot incidence and more Pythium clade B were detected in corn seedlings sampled from broadcast CR than drilled CR. Radicle rot incidence of corn was also greater in the late-terminated plots in 1 year. Farmers should be careful using broadcast seeding and later termination of CR cover crop when planted before corn.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Amessupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Barren Plants and Corn Grain Yieldmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Plant Density (Plants Hamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cereal rye cover crop seeding method, seeding rate, and termination timing effects corn development and seedling disease

et al. 2023

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“…Similar corn yield between soil management with a cereal rye cover crop terminated 14 days before planting and cereal rye cover crop terminated at the time of crop planting in this study contradicts research in Iowa which found reduced corn yield when rye termination occurred < 10 days before crop planting (Acharya et al, 2017). Reduced corn grain yield in the late termination treatment at Arlington is supported by research conducted in Maryland, where greater amounts of cereal rye biomass production reduced corn grain yield compared to no cover crop, and Iowa, where termination 12 days after planting reduced corn grain yield (Otte et al, 2019;Acharya et al, 2022). Previous research assessing the long-term impact of using a cereal rye terminated prior to crop establishment has found no reductions in corn yield (Basche et al, 2016;Snapp and Surapur, 2018).…”

Section: Crop Yieldcontrasting

confidence: 50%

Cover crops and preemergence herbicides: An integrated approach for weed management in corn-soybean systems in the US Midwest

et al. 2022

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Adoption of a fall established, high biomass cereal rye cover crop has potential to diversify weed management in corn and soybean production systems, reducing the selection pressure for resistance to postemergence herbicides. However, farmers and crop consultants express concern about limited weed suppression from an overwintering cover crop in areas where high biomass production is limited by cooler spring temperatures, such as in the Upper-Midwest U.S. Use of a preemergence herbicide, regardless of cover crop adoption, is a standard recommendation for improving early season weed control in corn and soybean. Field experiments were conducted at two sites in Wisconsin to assess the effects of six soil management practices (tillage, no-till, and four cereal rye cover crop termination timings/methods) with or without the use of a preemergence herbicide on weed suppression at the time of postemergence herbicide application and crop productivity. Results showed that cereal rye biomass increased > 6x between termination at the time of cash crop planting versus termination two weeks later. In corn and soybean, weed ground cover was lower for soil management with cereal rye cover crop terminated two weeks after cash crop planting (≤ 7% weed cover) compared to all other soil management practices (≥ 23% weed cover) when a preemergence herbicide was not used. Use of a preemergence herbicide resulted in low weed ground cover across treatments in corn (≤ 7% weed cover) and soybean (≤ 13% weed cover). Corn and soybean yield was not affected by preemergence herbicide treatments. Corn yield was lower at the south-central Wisconsin location for the soil management with a cereal rye cover crop terminated two weeks after cash crop planting (9.82 Mg ha-1) compared to all other soil management practices (≥ 12.07 Mg ha-1); at the southwest Wisconsin location, corn yield was greater for the conventional tillage treatment (14.28 Mg ha-1) compared to all other soil management treatments (≤ 10.89 Mg ha-1). Soil management did not affect soybean yield, although yields were different between locations with 3.44 Mg ha-1 at the south-central Wisconsin compared to 4.77 Mg ha-1 at the southwest Wisconsin location. These results indicate that in the absence of a high biomass cereal rye cover crop, preemergence herbicides are important for in-season weed control. Also, the inclusion of a late-terminated cereal rye cover crop in soybean should be considered as an effective management practice for reducing weed ground cover without affecting crop yield.

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Impact of planting green on soil properties under irrigated no‐till soybean

Stephens,

Blanco‐Canqui,

Knezevic

et al. 2023

Agrosystems Geosci & Env

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Planting green refers to the practice of planting a row crop into an actively growing cover crop (CC) and terminating it at or after row crop planting. Planting green could have more beneficial impacts on soil properties, erosion control, nutrient cycling, weed suppression, and other soil ecosystem services because it allows greater CC biomass accumulation than early‐terminated CC. The objectives of this 2‐year study were to evaluate the impact of planting green on soil properties (bulk density, wet aggregate stability, sorptivity, particulate organic matter, organic matter, nutrients, and others) and soybean (Glycine max L.) yield in an irrigated no‐till soybean system in south‐central Nebraska. Treatments were cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) CC terminated 2 weeks before planting (2WBP), CC terminated 2 weeks after planting (2WAP) soybean, and no CC. On average, CC produced 2.35 Mg ha−1 of biomass for 2WBP and 12.03 Mg ha−1 for 2WAP. Both 2WBP and 2WAP reduced N concentration by 48% (31.10 vs. 59.70 mg kg−1) but had no effect on other soil properties compared with no CC. Despite the abundant CC biomass production, terminating 2WAP had little to no effect on most soil properties in the short term (2 years). Wet aggregate stability increased as CC biomass production increased, while soil sorptivity (initial water infiltration) increased as wet aggregate stability increased. CC termination timing had inconsistent effects on soybean yield. In general, after 2 years, planting green had no effect on most soil properties or soybean yield, warranting long‐term studies on this topic.

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Effect of Planting into a Green Winter Cereal Rye Cover Crop on Growth and Development, Seedling Disease, and Yield of Corn

Cited by 15 publications

References 53 publications

Cereal rye cover crop seeding method, seeding rate, and termination timing effects corn development and seedling disease

Cereal rye cover crop seeding method, seeding rate, and termination timing effects corn development and seedling disease

Cover crops and preemergence herbicides: An integrated approach for weed management in corn-soybean systems in the US Midwest

Impact of planting green on soil properties under irrigated no‐till soybean

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