Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Somatic Embryogenesis and Plantlet Development of Turkey Berry (Solanum torvum SW)

Abstract

In the present study it was reported on direct somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from cotyledon and leaf explants of Turkey berry/pea egg plant (Solanum torvum SW), a medicinally important plant. Somatic embryogenesis has several advantages over other routes of in vitro plant regeneration. Somatic embryogenesis was induced directly from cotyledon and leaf explants on MS medium fortified with BAP (0.5 mg/L)+NAA (0.5-6.0 mg/L). High percentage of somatic embryogenesis (90%), maximum number of somatic embryos formation (62±0.18) along with high percentage (76%) conversion of somatic embryos into bipolar embryos was observed on cotyledon explants in 0.5 mg/L BAP+2.5 mg/L NAA. At the same concentration of BAP (0.5 mg/L)+NAA (2.5 mg/L) also resulted on the maximum percentage of somatic embryogenesis (92%), the highest number of somatic embryos formation (88±0.15) and the highest percentage (76%) of somatic embryos conversion into bipolar embryos in leaf explants. A mixture of globular, heart and torpedo-shaped embryos were germinated on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L IAA+1.0-4.0 mg/L BAP. Maximum germination frequency (75±0.14) of somatic embryos and plantlet formation was found in 0.5 mg/L IAA+2.0 mg/L BAP, but they didn’t germinate on ½ MSO and MSO media. The survival rate of regenerated plants after field transfer was recorded to be 75%. These regenerated plants were found morphologically similar to donor plants. The present protocol can be used for conservation of the species and also for genetic transformation experiments in S. torvum.

A Review on In Vitro Regeneration of Ethnomedicinal Plant Turkey Berry (Solanum torvum Swartz)

“…Turkeyberry contains a number of potentially pharmacologically active chemicals, including chlorogenin, a sapogenin steroid. Turkey berry aqueous extracts kill mice by reducing the number of erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets in their blood (Ghan Singh et al, 2021a). Plant extracts have been reported to be effective in the treatment of pimples, skin diseases, leprosy, hyperactivity, colds, and cough (Ghan Singh et al, 2021a).…”

“…Turkey berry aqueous extracts kill mice by reducing the number of erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets in their blood (Ghan Singh et al, 2021a). Plant extracts have been reported to be effective in the treatment of pimples, skin diseases, leprosy, hyperactivity, colds, and cough (Ghan Singh et al, 2021a). Turkey berry is high in vitamin A and carotenoids, and it improves eyesight, skin texture, and prevents chronic diseases.…”

“…Somatic embryogenesis can be induced directly from a variety of explants or indirectly through In vitro manipulation of non-embryogenic callus. Cell totipotency is best demonstrated in the formation of somatic embryos from single cells, as well as their growth and development to form a complete plantlet (Ammirato, 1983;Rama Swamy et al, 2005;Sharada et al, 2019;Ghan Singh et al, 2021a). Because somatic embryos are thought to be formed from a single cell, plants derived from them are genetically identical.…”

“…Second, single cells could be prodigiously induced to form embryoids. There is already an experimental system for encapsulating somatic embryos with various hydrogels, resulting in artificial seeds (Ghan Singh et al, 2021a), which play an important role in germ plasm conservation of threatened and endangered species, as well as medicinal and commercially important species.…”

“…The fruits are edible and are added to soups and sauces in the Ivory Coast and Thai cuisine. The fruits are also used as vegetable by the common people of Bangladesh, particularly the tribes (Ghan Singh et al, 2021a). One must develop a taste for the fresh berry because it is significantly bitterer than parikkai or karela.…”