Effect of plant age on in-soil decomposition and nitrogen content of sunn hemp tissue

Baitsaid, A.; Schaffer, Bruce; Vargas, Ana I.; Li, Y.; Liu, G.

doi:10.1080/00103624.2018.1526954

Cited by 7 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…2). Our results are consistent with the study by Baitsaid et al (2018), which showed rapid decomposition and N mineralization of sunn hemp residues occurring in the first two WAI. Similar to Ziadi et al (2006), we found significantly higher NO 3 -N fluxes monitored by AEMs after sunn hemp incorporation in comparison with the weedy fallow control, demonstrating the ability of AEMs to detect differences between soil amendment treatments and predict soil NO 3 -N availability.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…As indicated by the steep slope displayed in Fig. 4A during the first 2 weeks of the incubation study, the net N mineralization rate peaked (0.93 mg N/kg soil/d) 2 weeks after the start of the incubation, in line with previous findings (Baitsaid et al, 2018;Stallings et al, 2017). The net N mineralization rate was dramatically reduced to 0.43 and 0.25 mg • kg -1 • d -1 between 2 and 4 weeks and between 4 to 8 weeks after the start of the incubation, respectively.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Dynamics of Soil Nitrogen Availability Following Sunn Hemp Residue Incorporation in Organic Strawberry Production Systems

Li¹,

Zhao²,

Maltais‐Landry³

et al. 2021

horts

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Sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.), as a summer leguminous cover crop, is often grown before fall planting of strawberries (Fragaria ×ananassa Duch.) in Florida. Although sunn hemp has been suggested as a green manure for supplying nitrogen (N) to subsequent crops, limited information is available regarding the contribution of sunn hemp biomass to soil N availability in Florida sandy soils with low levels of organic matter. This is especially true for organic strawberry production where nutrient management remains one of the major yield-limiting factors. This study was conducted in Citra, FL, and assessed the dynamics of N availability after soil incorporation of sunn hemp in organic strawberry production systems established on sandy soils in a subtropical environment. Sunn hemp was planted at a seeding rate of 44.9 kg·ha−1 on 19 July 2017 and 24 July 2018 and terminated 65 days after seeding; a summer weedy fallow was used as the control. Containerized strawberry seedlings of Sweet Sensation® ‘Florida127’ were transplanted on 13 Oct. 2017 (22 days after sunn hemp incorporation) and 4 Oct. 2018 (8 days after sunn hemp incorporation). Immediately after sunn hemp incorporation, anion exchange membranes (AEMs) were buried in the soil to monitor soil NO3-N fluxes, together with traditional soil testing to measure extractable soil NO3-N concentrations. In the 2018 season, soils incorporated with sunn hemp residues were also incubated in the laboratory at 24 °C over 8 weeks to determine the N release pattern by quantifying soil NO3-N and NH4-N. Overall, nitrate fluxes monitored by AEMs in the first 3 weeks after sunn hemp incorporation were significantly higher in the sunn hemp treatment than in the weedy fallow control (by 66% to 185%) in both years. Sunn hemp incorporation also led to a considerable increase in extractable soil NO3-N concentration (by 20% to 94%). The early and fast release of plant available N (PAN) from sunn hemp residues was confirmed by the 8-week laboratory incubation study, which demonstrated that the net N mineralization rate of sunn hemp remained highest over the first 2 weeks of the incubation period. Sunn hemp showed a positive impact on organic strawberry early-season fruit yield in both years, with significant increases in marketable (by 59%) and total (by 52%) fruit weight yields and marketable fruit number (by 46%) in 2017 and total fruit number (by 15%) and weight yield (by 14%) and marketable fruit number (by 13%) in 2018. Given the typical waiting period between sunn hemp residue soil incorporation and strawberry planting as well as the lag in nutrient uptake shortly after transplanting, a large fraction of N released from sunn hemp residues is likely not taken up by strawberry plants. Our findings highlight the challenges of using sunn hemp residues to improve N availability for meeting crop demand and enhance fruit yield in organic strawberry production while minimizing environmental N losses in Florida sandy soils.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Dynamics of Soil Nitrogen Availability Following Sunn Hemp Residue Incorporation in Organic Strawberry Production Systems

Li¹,

Zhao²,

Maltais‐Landry³

et al. 2021

horts

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show abstract

“…Cover crops provide benefits beyond weed suppression. Cover crops Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems that give good ground cover reduce soil erosion and can add biomass, potentially increasing soil organic matter and nitrogen (Wang et al, 2008;Morris et al, 2015;Baitsaid et al, 2018). However, cover crops are an added cost of production and can interfere with the critical practices in crop production, delaying planting, for example.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stakeholder-driven adaptive research (SDAR): better research products

DeLong

Swisher

Chase

et al. 2022

Renew. Agric. Food Syst.

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Rapid changes in economic, environmental and social conditions generate both problems and opportunities in agriculture. The cycle from problem identification through discovery of potential solutions is lengthy. The objective of this study was to use collaborative methods to speed the cycle of discovery in sustainable organic strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) production systems in the southeastern USA. This method, stakeholder-driven adaptive research (SDAR), combines farmers' experiential knowledge with scientists' experimental knowledge to develop rigorous research design collectively. Farmers evaluated our biological research and co-designed research experiments with scientists. Farmers and other stakeholders (1) evaluated on-station experiments individually and then made recommendations as a group, (2) served as advisory council members to direct our goals and objectives, and (3) conducted farmer field trials where they implemented aspects of our on-station experiments under their management regimes. The results eliminated potential solutions that were not feasible, ineffective or too costly for farmers to adopt. Key results included eliminating treatments using high tunnel systems altogether on one field trial on a University of Florida (UF) research facility, adding a leguminous cover crop mix treatment, adding companion planting, and eliminating strawberry cultivars Strawberry Festival and Florida Beauty from our research trials. Our proposed methodology allows farmers and other stakeholders to inform the biological research from design through dissemination to reduce the time needed to create research products in an era of rapid bio-physical, social and economic change. Accelerating the discovery cycle could significantly improve our ability to identify and address threats to the USA and global food and fiber production system.

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“…In general, water-soluble fractions (sugars, organic acids, proteins, and some structural carbohydrates) are broken down first, followed by structural polysaccharides (cellulose and hemicellulose), and finally lignin. Based on that, the remains of younger plants decompose more easily than the remains of older ones and release more nutrients into the soil [28].…”

Section: Plant Residuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Significance of Harvest Residues in Sustainable Management of Arable Land I. Decomposition of Harvest Residues

Pržulj¹,

Тунгуз

2022

AFST

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Harvest residues are parts of cultivated plants that remain on the plot after harvest or grazing. Decomposition of plant residues by microorganisms involves two simultaneous processes: mineralization and humification of carbon compounds. Decomposition processes depend on the type of plant residues, edaphic factors and residue management factors. Edaphic factors dominate in areas exposed to adverse weather conditions, while the type of plant residues largely plays the role of a regulator in favorable environmental conditions. Decomposition of plant residues takes place in two stages; phase I is relatively fast and depends on the initial nitrogen content, and phase II is relatively slow and is determined by the decomposition of lignins and phenols. In general, water-soluble fractions are degraded first, followed by structural polysaccharides, and finally lignin. Low winter temperatures and dry soil during the summer limit microbial decomposition, while microbial decomposition is greatest during the wet warm spring and autumn seasons.

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Effect of plant age on in-soil decomposition and nitrogen content of sunn hemp tissue

Cited by 7 publications

References 10 publications

Dynamics of Soil Nitrogen Availability Following Sunn Hemp Residue Incorporation in Organic Strawberry Production Systems

Dynamics of Soil Nitrogen Availability Following Sunn Hemp Residue Incorporation in Organic Strawberry Production Systems

Stakeholder-driven adaptive research (SDAR): better research products

Significance of Harvest Residues in Sustainable Management of Arable Land I. Decomposition of Harvest Residues

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