Effect of Physical Training on Exercise‐induced Bronchoconstriction

Henriksen, Jørn; Nielsen, T. Toftegaard

doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1983.tb09659.x

Cited by 62 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Interestingly, these observations parallel the findings of previous clinical studies, which documented improvements in exercise-induced bronchoconstriction after physical training (36)(37)(38)(39)(40). Specifically, reports from Emtner and coworkers and from Henriksen and Nielsen each demonstrated that adults with mild-moderate asthma who participated in an aerobic exercise training program exhibited decreased exercise-induced bronchospasm (36,37).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Repeated Bouts of Moderate-Intensity Aerobic Exercise Reduce Airway Reactivity in a Murine Asthma Model

Hewitt

Estell²,

Davis³

et al. 2010

Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol

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We have reported that moderate-intensity aerobic exercise training attenuates airway inflammation in mice sensitized/challenged with ovalbumin (OVA). The current study determined the effects of repeated bouts of aerobic exercise at a moderate intensity on airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in these mice. Mice were sensitized/ challenged with OVA or saline and exercised at a moderate intensity 3 times/week for 4 weeks. At protocol completion, mice were analyzed for changes in AHR via mechanical ventilation. Results show that exercise decreased total lung resistance 60% in OVAtreated mice as compared with controls; exercise also decreased airway smooth muscle (ASM) thickness. In contrast, exercise increased circulating epinephrine levels 3-fold in saline-and OVAtreated mice. Because epinephrine binds b 2 -adrenergic receptors (AR), which facilitate bronchodilatation, the role of b 2 -AR in exercise-mediated improvements in AHR was examined. Application of the b 2 -AR antagonist butoxamine HCl blocked the effects of exercise on lung resistance in OVA-treated mice. In parallel, ASM cells were examined for changes in the protein expression of b 2 -AR and G-protein receptor kinase-2 (GRK-2); GRK-2 promotes b 2 -AR desensitization. Exercise had no effect on b 2 -AR expression in ASM cells of OVA-treated mice; however, exercise decreased GRK-2 expression by 50% as compared with controls. Exercise also decreased prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) production 5-fold, but had no effect on E prostanoid-1 (EP1) receptor expression within the lungs of OVA-treated mice; both PGE 2 and the EP1 receptor have been implicated in b 2 -AR desensitization. Together, these data indicate that moderate-intensity aerobic exercise training attenuates AHR via a mechanism that involves b 2 -AR.Keywords: asthma; airway hyperresponsiveness; exercise; b 2 -adrenergic receptor Allergic or atopic asthma, the most common form of asthma, is identified by the presence of characteristic clinical symptoms of wheezing, chest tightness, dyspnea and cough, and by the presence of reversible airway narrowing and/or airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) to a variety of inhaled bronchoconstrictor stimuli. For the treatment of asthma-associated AHR, patients are typically administered inhaled, long-acting b 2 -agonists. b 2 -agonists bind to and activate b 2 -adrenergic receptors (b 2 -AR), which are expressed on a variety of cell types, including airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells, airway epithelial cells, and mast cells (1).Several clinical studies suggest that continued aerobic exercise training improves the overall physical fitness and health of individuals with asthma and reduces their disease-related hospital admissions (2-4); these studies also observed improvements in exercise-induced bronchoconstriction after physical training. We have reported previously that moderate intensity aerobic exercise training reduces lung inflammatory responses in an ovalbumin (OVA)-driven mouse model of pulmonary inflammation (5, 6).Repetitive exercise increases the levels of circulating...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Repeated Bouts of Moderate-Intensity Aerobic Exercise Reduce Airway Reactivity in a Murine Asthma Model

Hewitt

Estell²,

Davis³

et al. 2010

Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol

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“…Additional studies have reported similar findings with regard to exercise-mediated improvement in the ventilatory capacity of asthmatic patients (9,11). It is interesting to note that several of these studies observed improvements in exercise-induced bronchoconstriction following physical training (7,9,10). In light of these observations, there may exist an inverse dose response for the efficacy of exercise in the treatment of asthma.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…Given that exercise modulates immune responses in healthy individuals (4 -6), consideration of the clinical ramifications of exercise in the modification of a disease for which the immune system has a role is of vital importance. Several clinical studies suggest that aerobic exercise training improves the overall physical fitness and health of asthmatics through increasing ventilatory capacity and lessening of asthma-related symptoms (7)(8)(9)(10)(11). American Thoracic Society guidelines for pulmonary rehabilitation programs, in accordance with these clinical studies, recommend the implementation of low to moderate intensity aerobic exercise training for those with chronic respiratory disease, including asthma (12).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerobic Exercise Attenuates Airway Inflammatory Responses in a Mouse Model of Atopic Asthma

Pastva

Estell

Schoeb³

et al. 2004

The Journal of Immunology

133

166

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Recent reports indicate that aerobic exercise improves the overall physical fitness and health of asthmatic patients. The specific exercise-induced improvements in the pathology of asthma and the mechanisms by which these improvements occur, however, are ill-defined; thus, the therapeutic potential of exercise in the treatment of asthma remains unappreciated. Using an OVA-driven mouse model, we examined the role of aerobic exercise in modulating inflammatory responses associated with atopic asthma. Data demonstrate that moderate intensity aerobic exercise training decreased leukocyte infiltration, cytokine production, adhesion molecule expression, and structural remodeling within the lungs of OVA-sensitized mice (n = 6–10; p < 0.05). Because the transcription factor NF-κB regulates the expression of a variety of genes that encode inflammatory mediators, we monitored changes in NF-κB activation in the lungs of exercised/sensitized mice. Results show that exercise decreased NF-κB nuclear translocation and IκBα phosphorylation, indicating that exercise decreased NF-κB activation in the lungs of sensitized mice (n = 6). Taken together, these results suggest that aerobic exercise attenuates airway inflammation in a mouse model of atopic asthma via modulation of NF-κB activation. Potential exists, therefore, for the amelioration of asthma-associated chronic airway inflammation through the use of aerobic exercise training as a non-drug therapeutic modality.

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“…Improved physical fitness in asthmatic subjects has, in some studies, contributed to a reduction in the occurrence of respiratory symptoms and medicine consumption [13,14,25] but not in all studies [15]. The ability of physical training to reduce the fall in FEV1 after exercise is also conflicting [15,26]. This may be due to the weak correlation between physical fitness and airway reactivity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Low physical fitness in childhood is associated with the development of asthma in young adulthood: the Odense schoolchild study

Rasmussen¹,

Lambrechtsen²,

Siersted³

et al. 2000

European Respiratory Journal

162

122

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Intense physical activity in children may either improve fitness and protect against asthma, or may trigger symptoms. The aim of this study was to determine whether physical fitness in childhood has an impact on the development of asthma.In this prospective, community-based study, 757 (84%) asymptomatic children with an average age at inclusion of 9.7 yrs were followed for 10.5 yrs. In both surveys a maximal progressive exercise test on a bicycle ergometer was used to measure physical fitness (maximal workload) and to induce airway narrowing. A methacholine provocation test was performed in the subjects at follow-up.During the 10-yr study period, 51 (6.7%) of the previously asymptomatic children developed asthma. These subjects had a lower mean physical fitness in 1985 than their peers: (3.63 versus 3.89 W . kg -1 ; p=0.02) in boys and (3.17 versus 3.33 W . kg -1 ; p=0.02) in girls. A weak correlation was found between physical fitness in childhood and airway responsiveness to methacholine at follow-up when adjusted for body mass index, age and sex (r=0.11; p<0.01). In a multiple regression analysis, physical fitness was inversely related to the development of physician diagnosed asthma, odds ratio=0.93 (0.87±0.99). Thus, the risk for the development of asthma during adolescence is reduced 7% by increasing the maximal workload 1 W . kg -1 . In conclusion, this study showed that physical fitness in childhood is weakly correlated with the development of asthma during adolescence and that high physical fitness seems to be associated with a reduced risk for the development of asthma. Eur Respir J 2000; 16: 866±870.

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Effect of Physical Training on Exercise‐induced Bronchoconstriction

Cited by 62 publications

References 14 publications

Repeated Bouts of Moderate-Intensity Aerobic Exercise Reduce Airway Reactivity in a Murine Asthma Model

Repeated Bouts of Moderate-Intensity Aerobic Exercise Reduce Airway Reactivity in a Murine Asthma Model

Aerobic Exercise Attenuates Airway Inflammatory Responses in a Mouse Model of Atopic Asthma

Low physical fitness in childhood is associated with the development of asthma in young adulthood: the Odense schoolchild study

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