Effect of physical exercise on the cardiorespiratory fitness of men—A systematic review and meta-analysis

Vieira, Melissa de Carvalho Souza; Boing, Leonessa; Leitão, Alice Erwig; Vieira, Guilherme Rodrigues; Guimarães, Adriana Coutinho de Azevedo

doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2018.06.006

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 27 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Three prior meta-analyses focusing on different age groups [24][25][26] showed that longterm participation in aerobic exercise improved aerobic fitness in both healthy participants and patients with mental illness [27] and cancer [28]. Our findings reinforce the notion that exercise interventions improve aerobic fitness, specifically during early adulthood.…”

Section: Behaviorsupporting

confidence: 82%

Influence of Aerobic Fitness on White Matter Integrity and Inhibitory Control in Early Adulthood: A 9-Week Exercise Intervention

Zhu

Xiong

et al. 2021

Brain Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Previous cross-sectional studies have related aerobic fitness to inhibitory control and white matter (WM) microstructure in young adults, but there is no longitudinal study to confirm whether these relationships exist. We carried out a longitudinal study comparing aerobic fitness, inhibitory control, and WM integrity across time points, before versus after completing an exercise intervention in young adults (18–20 years old) relative to a control group. The exercise group (n = 35) participated in a 9-week exercise protocol, while the control group (n = 24) did not receive any regular exercise training. Behavioral data and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data were collected prior to and following the intervention. After the exercise intervention, aerobic fitness and inhibitory control performance were significantly improved for the exercise group, but not for the control group. Analyses of variance (ANOVA) of the DTI data demonstrated significantly increased fractional anisotropy (FA) in the right corticospinal tract and significantly decreased FA in the left superior fronto-occipital fasciculus in the exercise group after the intervention versus before. The enhanced aerobic fitness induced by exercise was associated with better inhibitory control performance in the incongruent condition and lower FA in the Left superior fronto-occipital fasciculus (SFOF). Regression analysis of a mediation model did not support Left SFOF FA as a mediator of the relationship between improvements in aerobic fitness and inhibitory control. The present data provide new evidence of the relationship between exercise-induced changes in aerobic fitness, WM integrity, and inhibitory control in early adulthood. Longer-duration intervention studies with larger study cohorts are needed to confirm and further explore the findings obtained in this study.

show abstract

Section: Behaviorsupporting

confidence: 82%

Influence of Aerobic Fitness on White Matter Integrity and Inhibitory Control in Early Adulthood: A 9-Week Exercise Intervention

Zhu

Xiong

et al. 2021

Brain Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Several meta-analyses have evaluated the role of exercise on cardiovascular risk factors ( Table 2 ). First, exercise improves cardiorespiratory fitness at different ages [ 68 , 69 ], even in the elderly [ 70 ] and when performed in a reduced-time session of moderate activity [ 71 ].…”

Section: Physical Activity May Narrow the Mortality Gap Of Depressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Activity Promotes Health and Reduces Cardiovascular Mortality in Depressed Populations: A Literature Overview

Murri

Folesani

Zerbinati

et al. 2020

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Major depression is associated with premature mortality, largely explained by heightened cardiovascular burden. This narrative review summarizes secondary literature (i.e., reviews and meta-analyses) on this topic, considering physical exercise as a potential tool to counteract this alarming phenomenon. Compared to healthy controls, individuals with depression consistently present heightened cardiovascular risk, including “classical” risk factors and dysregulation of pertinent homeostatic systems (immune system, hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and autonomic nervous system). Ultimately, both genetic background and behavioral abnormalities contribute to explain the link between depression and cardiovascular mortality. Physical inactivity is particularly common in depressed populations and may represent an elective therapeutic target to address premature mortality. Exercise-based interventions, in fact, have proven effective reducing cardiovascular risk and mortality through different mechanisms, although evidence still needs to be replicated in depressed populations. Notably, exercise also directly improves depressive symptoms. Despite its potential, however, exercise remains under-prescribed to depressed individuals. Public health may be the ideal setting to develop and disseminate initiatives that promote the prescription and delivery of exercise-based interventions, with a particular focus on their cost-effectiveness.

show abstract

“…Dose (duration, frequency and intensity) of PA Current clinical recommendations for PA call for a weekly minimum of 150 min of moderate intensity endurance training (or 75 min of vigorous intensity, or another variation of mixed-intensity endurance training) per week as well as muscle-strengthening training of all major muscles twice a week, yet there is no specific recommendation for the minimal duration required to achieve PA health benefits [33]. Increase in CRF is considered a key factor when measuring an endpoint of PA interventions [36] and current studies designed to improve CRF usually last as little as 5 weeks [37]. Moreo-ver, the effect of PA can be immediate (acute physiological response to PA) or delayed; the later referred to as training-effect [38].…”

Section: Type Of Pamentioning

confidence: 99%

Attributes of Physical Activity and Gut Microbiome in Adults: A Systematic Review

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Growing evidence shows the contribution of physical activity interventions to the gut microbiome. However, specific physical activity characteristics that can modify the gut microbiome are unknown. This review’s aim was to explore the contribution of physical activity intervention characteristics on human gut microbiome composition, in terms of diversity, specific bacterial groups, and associated gut microbiome metabolites. A literature search in PubMed; Cochrane Library; CINAHL-EBSCO; SCOPUS; Web of Science; ClinicalTrials.gov; PROSPERO; and ProQuest. Five studies met the inclusion criteria of a physical activity intervention duration of at least five weeks, with any description of the type or dose used. All included studies reported an endurance training; two studies used endurance and an additional muscle-strengthening training regimen. All studies reported using a dietary intervention control. Reported gut microbiome α-diversity changes were non-significant, β-diversity changes were mixed (three studies reported an increase, two reported non-significant changes). All studies reported significant changes in the abundances of specific bacterial/archaea groups and bacteria-related metabolites following interventions. In conclusion, physical activity (regardless of specific characteristics) has significant contribution to gut microbiome composition and associated metabolites. There are no current recommendations for physical activity to promote gut microbiome composition. Future studies should focus on the contribution of current recommended physical activity dose to gut microbiome composition.

show abstract

Effect of physical exercise on the cardiorespiratory fitness of men—A systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 14 publications

References 27 publications

Influence of Aerobic Fitness on White Matter Integrity and Inhibitory Control in Early Adulthood: A 9-Week Exercise Intervention

Influence of Aerobic Fitness on White Matter Integrity and Inhibitory Control in Early Adulthood: A 9-Week Exercise Intervention

Physical Activity Promotes Health and Reduces Cardiovascular Mortality in Depressed Populations: A Literature Overview

Attributes of Physical Activity and Gut Microbiome in Adults: A Systematic Review

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About