Effect of Physical Activity, Smoking, and Sleep on Telomere Length: A Systematic Review of Observational and Intervention Studies

Barragán, Rocío; Ortega, Carolina; Sorlí, José V.; Asensio, Eva; Coltell, Oscar; St‐Onge, Marie‐Pierre; Portolés, Olga; Corella, Dolores

doi:10.3390/jcm11010076

Cited by 33 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 158 publications

(535 reference statements)

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“…Certainly, the very modest effect sizes for osteoporotic fracture and arthroplasty suggest little room for therapeutic intervention or indeed for incorporation into risk assessment models. However, given existing evidence linking greater telomere length to healthier diet, lower alcohol intake, and greater physical activity, ( 49 ) all of which are associated with reduced fracture risk, our results provide further evidence to support the role of a healthy lifestyle in older age, ( 50 , 51 ) together with some modest indication of associations between telomere length and fracture/arthroplasty outcomes independent of such considerations.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Telomere Length and Risk of Incident Fracture and Arthroplasty: Findings From UK Biobank

Curtis

Codd

Nelson

et al. 2020

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

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We investigated independent associations between telomere length and risk of fracture and arthroplasty in UK Biobank participants. Leukocyte telomere length (LTL) was measured in baseline samples using a validated polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. We used, in men and women separately, Cox proportional hazards models to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) for incident fracture (any, osteoporotic) or arthroplasty (hip or knee) over 1,186,410 person-years of follow-up. Covariates included age, white cell count, ethnicity, smoking, alcohol, physical activity, and menopause (women). In further analyses we adjusted for either estimated bone mineral density (eBMD) from heel quantitative ultrasound, handgrip strength, gait speed, total fat mass (bioimpedance), or blood biomarkers, all measured at baseline (2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010). We studied 59,500 women and 51,895 men, mean AE standard deviation (SD) age 56.4 AE 8.0 and 57.0 AE 8.3 years, respectively. During follow-up there were 5619 fractures; 5285 hip and 4261 knee arthroplasties. In confounder-adjusted models, longer LTL was associated with reduced risk of incident knee arthroplasty in both men (HR/SD 0.93; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.88-0.97) and women (0.92; 95% CI, 0.88-0.96), and hip arthroplasty in men (0.91; 95% CI, 0.87-0.95), but not women (0.98; 95% CI, 0.94-1.01). Longer LTL was weakly associated with reduced risk of any incident fracture in women (HR/SD 0.96; 95% CI, 0.93-1.00) with less evidence in men (0.98; 95% CI, 0.93-1.02). Associations with incident outcomes were not materially altered by adjustment for heel eBMD, grip strength, gait speed, fat mass, or blood biomarker measures. In this, the largest study to date, longer LTL was associated with lower risk of incident knee or hip arthroplasty, but only weakly associated with lower risk of fracture. The relative risks were low at a population level, but our findings suggest that common factors acting on the myeloid This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Telomere Length and Risk of Incident Fracture and Arthroplasty: Findings From UK Biobank

Curtis

Codd

Nelson

et al. 2020

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

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“…Previous studies on MS have demonstrated that vitamin D insufficiency (21, 22), smoking (23) and higher body mass index (BMI) (24) are associated with increased risk of MS. Moreover, it turns out that vitamin D (25), smoking (26) and BMI ( 27) are also associated with telomere length. Therefore, to make sure the selected SNPs are in accordance with the second core assumption of two-sample MR, we excluded SNPs that are associated with vitamin D traits, smoke status and BMI traits.…”

Section: Genetic Instruments For Telomere Lengthmentioning

confidence: 99%

A causal relationship between leukocyte telomere length and multiple sclerosis: A Mendelian randomization study

Liao

Tian

et al. 2022

Front. Immunol.

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ObjectivesMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune and degenerative disorder of the central nervous system. Telomeres are protective structures located at the ends of linear chromosomes, and leukocyte telomere length (LTL) is closely connected with cell aging and senescence. However, the relationship between LTL and the risk of MS remains unknown.MethodsWe performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) to evaluate whether LTL was causally associated with MS risk.ResultsIn our MR analysis, 12 LTL-related variants were selected as valid instrumental variables, and a causal relationship between LTL and MS was suggested. The risk of MS nearly doubled as the genetically predicted LTL shortened by one standard deviation (SD) under the inverse variance weighted (IVW) fixed effect model (odds ratio (OR) = 2.00, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.52-2.62, p = 6.01e-07). Similar estimated causal effects were also observed under different MR models. The MR–Egger regression test did not reveal any evidence of directional pleiotropy (intercept = -0.005, stand error (SE) = 0.03, p = 0.87). The Mendelian Randomization Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier (MR-PRESSO) analysis also indicated no directional pleiotropy or outliers for any LTL-related IVs (p-global test = 0.13). In addition, a leave-one-out sensitivity analysis showed similar findings, which further emphasized the validity and stability of the causal relationship.ConclusionsOur results suggest a potential causal effect of LTL on the risk of MS. Genetically predicted shorter LTL could increase the risk of MS in the European population. LTL should be noted and emphasized in the pathogenesis and treatment of MS.

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“…Interventional studies focused on healthy lifestyles (diet, exercise, sleep management, and supplement intake) may slow telomere attrition, improve telomere length maintenance, and increase cognitive functioning (Barragán et al, 2022; Sindi et al, 2017; Yang et al, 2020). Preliminary evidence indicates that meditation and mindfulness interventions aimed at mitigating chronic stress and increasing positive arousal have improved maintenance of telomere length, cognitive function, and psychosocial outcomes.…”

Section: Telomere Attrition and Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Physical activity, function, and symptoms (fatigue, pain, and sleep disturbances) are seen in cancer, cardiovascular, and elderly populations (Alhareeri et al, 2020; Aloni et al, 2021; Barragán et al, 2022; Marques et al, 2020; Sheikh-Wu et al, 2020). Most research in this area investigates the association between telomere length, physical activity, and sleep; however, findings are inconsistent (Alfred et al, 2011; Innes et al, 2018; Ludlow et al, 2013; Ojeda-Rodríguez et al, 2021).…”

Section: Telomere Attrition and Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship Between Telomeres, Cognition, Mood, and Physical Function: A Systematic Review

Sheikh-Wu

Liang

Downs

2022

Biological Research For Nursing

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Background and Purpose: Cognitive, affective, and physical symptoms and alterations in their function are seen across chronic illnesses. Data suggest that environmental, psychological, and physiological factors contribute to symptom experience, potentially through loss of telomeres (telomere attrition), structures at the ends of chromosomes. Telomere length is affected by many factors including environmental (e.g., exercise, diet, smoking) and physiological (e.g., response to stress), as well as from oxidative damage and inflammation that occurs in many disease processes. Moreover, telomere attrition is associated with chronic disease (cancer, cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer’s disease) and predicts higher morbidity and mortality rates. However, findings are inconsistent among telomere roles and relationships with health outcomes. This article aims to synthesize the current state-of-the-science of telomeres and their relationship with cognitive, affective, and physical function and symptoms. Method: A comprehensive literature search was performed in two databases: CINAHL and PUBMED. A total of 33 articles published between 2000 and 2022 were included in the final analysis. Results: Telomere attrition is associated with various changes in cognitive, affective, and physical function and symptoms. However, findings are inconsistent. Interventional studies (e.g., meditation and exercise) may affect telomere attrition, potentially impacting health outcomes. Conclusion: Nursing research and practice are at the forefront of furthering the understanding of telomeres and their relationships with cognitive, affective, and physical function and symptoms. Future interventions targeting modifiable risk factors may be developed to improve health outcomes across populations.

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Effect of Physical Activity, Smoking, and Sleep on Telomere Length: A Systematic Review of Observational and Intervention Studies

Cited by 33 publications

References 158 publications

Telomere Length and Risk of Incident Fracture and Arthroplasty: Findings From UK Biobank

Telomere Length and Risk of Incident Fracture and Arthroplasty: Findings From UK Biobank

A causal relationship between leukocyte telomere length and multiple sclerosis: A Mendelian randomization study

The Relationship Between Telomeres, Cognition, Mood, and Physical Function: A Systematic Review

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