Effect of Physical Activity, Nutritional Education, and Consumption of Extra Virgin Olive Oil on Lipid, Physiological, and Anthropometric Profiles in a Pediatric Population

Abstract

Muros et al Health Promotion in a Spanish Pediatric PopulationPage 1 of 10 Background: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of nutritional education and vigorous physical activity on healthrelated parameters. Methods: The sample group consisted of 134 children from 5 rurally located schools. Participants were divided between 5 different experimental groups: control group (CG), physical activity group (PA), nutritional education group (NE), combined intervention group (PA+NE), and a combined intervention group with additional substitution of normally used oil for extra virgin olive oil (EVOO; PA+NE+EVOO). The intervention consisted of 60 minute sessions of physical activity held twice a week as well as nutritional education sessions held over 6 months. Results: Students in the groups receiving physical activity reduced their fat percentage and increased their muscle mass post intervention. At posttest the lipid profile improved in all intervention groups. The proportion of macronutrients and dietary cholesterol improved in the groups receiving nutritional education. The posttest comparison showed significantly lower fat percentage, sum of skinfolds and waist circumference in NE relative to CG and PA relative to CG. Diastolic blood pressure and glycaemia were significantly lower in PA+NE+EVOO relative to CG. Conclusion: A school-based program consisting of nutritional education or nutritional education plus a physical activity program showed a positive effect on healthrelated parameters in children. Keywords: sport, healthPhysical inactivity is considered to be one of the main threats to public health in the 21st century.1 Physical activity is negatively associated with overweight and obesity, and positively associated with cardiovascular health in young people.2 Increases in aerobic capacity are inversely related with improvements to specific health parameters in youth, including the lipid profile, 3 insulin resistance, 4 fat mass 5 and parameters associated with metabolic symdrome. 6Nutrition has been labeled as one of the main modifiable determinants of chronic diseases.7 Establishing healthy eating habits during childhood and adolescence is important, since it has been shown that food preferences and eating habits are established in early childhood and can persist into adulthood. 8 Research suggests that many children consume sugar, salt and saturated fats in excess of recommended amounts and at the same time fail to consume the recommended amounts of fresh fruit and vegetables. Lifestyle changes away from the traditional Mediterranean state in the Western world 14 Following on from studies, which have demonstrated improvements in some physiological risk factors 15 using vigorous physical training programs with obese children and adolescents during after-school hours, the American Heart Association has recognized the importance of prevention and treatment. In addition, it is important to involve parents in healthy interventions, as parents have a strong influence on the eating habits of young peo...

A interdisciplinaridade como estratégia na prevenção da hipertensão arterial sistêmica em crianças: uma revisão sistemática

“…Além disso, especialistas recomendam a combinação do incentivo a prática de exercícios físicos, nutrição, educação e terapia comportamental nas intervenções [43][44][45] . A importância de unir estas atividades em um programa interdisciplinar ficou evidente na pesquisa de Muros et al 30 . As ações eram realizadas com crianças obesas, por 6 meses.…”

“…Nesse aspecto, a inclusão de outros indivíduos nas práticas interdisciplinares, foram considerados em grande parte dos estudos avaliados 20,22,23,24,27,31,32,33,34,35 . Apesar disso, foi possível constatar maior efetividade em alguns programas que abrangeram somente a família 21,26,28,30 ou professores 18,29 , quando comparados àqueles que envolveram conjuntamente os pais e professores 24,25,31,32 e a comunidade local 27 . Salienta-se que apesar do envolvimento com outros indivíduos, a participação dos pais não foi regular como se almejava, sendo que o maior contato foi por meio do envio de materiais informativos 25 .…”

“…Ao se analisar a efetividade dos artigos analisados, observou-se que a maioria deles (7) 20,21,23,26,28,29,32,33 empregou mais de duas práticas interdisciplinares conjuntas em seus programas, atingindo melhores resultados, isso quando comparados àqueles (3) 18,30,31,34 que utilizaram somente duas ações. Porém, a realização das estratégias interdisciplinares, normalmente, ocorria de forma simultânea, o que dificultava uma análise isolada sobre o impacto individual no estilo de vida da criança 21 .…”

“…Efeito no comportamento alimentar Efeito na PA Efetivo Não efetivo Efetivo Não efetivo Programa nutricional e AF Bacardí-Gascon et al 34 ---Muros et al 30 Rush et al 27 Hrafnkelsson et al 31 Programa nutricional, AF e sessões educativas em sala de aula Colín-Ramírez et al 33 Morgan et al…”

“…Entre os trabalhos que apresentaram efetividade em seus resultados, notou-se que a maioria realizou a intervenção em tempo igual ou superior a seis meses 18,20,21,23,26,30,33,34 e, quase a metade dos trabalhos que não apresentaram resultados efetivos apresentaram período de tempo inferior a seis meses 25,32,35 .…”