Effect of physical activity level on orthodontic pain perception and analgesic consumption in adolescents

Sandhu, Satpal S; Sandhu, Jasleen

doi:10.1016/j.ajodo.2015.04.037

Cited by 20 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…For instance, evidence shows that gender of an individual may be influential in determining the relative effectiveness of various distraction based strategies for pain management (Thompson et al, 2012). A recent orthodontic study also suggests that the effects of physical activity on reducing pain via enhancement of overall wellbeing of an individual seems gender dependent phenomenon (Sandhu and Sandhu, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validating the factor structure and testing measurement invariance of modified Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (Ortho-SF-MPQ) for orthodontic pain assessment

Sandhu

2017

Journal of Orthodontics

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Objective To validate the factor structure of recently modified Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (Ortho-SF-MPQ) to assess orthodontic pain; and to test its Measurement Invariance (MI) across gender. Methods 180 orthodontic patients were enrolled in this study. 0.016 inch Super-elastic NiTi arch wire was used in 0.022″ × 0.028″ slot pre-adjusted edgewise appliance. After initial arch wire placement, pain was assessed at T1 (24 hours), T2 (day 3), and T3 (day 7) by using the Ortho-SF-MPQ which consists of seven sensory (pressure, sore, aching, tight, throbbing, pulling, miserable) and four affective (uncomfortable, strange, frustrating, annoying) descriptors. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) models were fitted for analysis. Multiple-groups CFA (MG-CFA) approach was used for MI testing. Results Data from 172 patients (85 male, 87 female) with mean age 14.2 years (SD 1.4) was analysed. CFA model fit indices value at T1 (RMSEA 0.048; CFI 0.995; TLI 0.995), T2 (RMSEA 0.051; CFI 0.998; TLI 0.997), and T3 (RMSEA 0.040; CFI 0.998; TLI 0.998) confirmed the validity of two-factor structure of Ortho-SF-MPQ in assessing orthodontic pain. MG-CFA model based non-significant scaled chi-square difference test (Satorra–Bentler method) for weak invariance (T1: χ2 = 6.566, df = 9, p = 0.682; T2: χ2 = 14.637, df = 9, p = 0.101; T3 (χ2 = 14.248, df = 9, p = 0.114) and strong invariance (T1: χ2 = 25.874, df = 20, p = 0.170; T2: χ2 = 25.052, df = 20, p = 0.199; T3: χ2 = 18.889, df = 20, p = 0.529) confirmed MI across male and female groups. Conclusion Two-factor structure (sensory and affective) of Ortho-SF-MPQ is structurally valid and invariant to measure pain in male and female orthodontic patents after initial arch wire placement.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validating the factor structure and testing measurement invariance of modified Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (Ortho-SF-MPQ) for orthodontic pain assessment

Sandhu

2017

Journal of Orthodontics

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“…The significance level, power, and magnitude of the expected difference were taken into consideration to derive the sample size. Baseline values were obtained from similar studies[1120] conducted in the past to test similar hypothesis. The suggested inclusive criteria indicated that all participants should fulfill the following: initiating treatment for the first time with fixed orthodontic appliance at College of Dentistry/King Saud University, contact with adjacent teeth (second premolars and second molars) and age range of 14 to 21 years.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pain and distress induced by elastomeric and spring separators in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment

AlBalbeesi

Huraib

Al-Nahas

et al. 2016

J Int Soc Prevent Communit Dent

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Aims and Objectives:The objective of the present investigation is to evaluate patients’ pain perception and discomfort, the duration of pain and the level of self-medication over time during tooth separation, and the effectiveness of elastomeric and spring types of orthodontic separators in Saudi population.Materials and Methods:The study group consisted of 30 female adolescent patients who had elastomeric/spring separators as part of their orthodontic treatment. A self-administrated questionnaire comprising 16 multiple choice questions and another with visual analog scale were used to record the patient's pain perceptions at 4 hours, 24 hours, 3 days, 5 days, and 7 days from the time of insertion. The level of pain and discomfort during these time periods were assessed by a visual analog scale. After a separation period of 7 days, the amount of separation was measured with a leaf gauge. Type and frequency of analgesic consumption was also recorded. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 (IBM SPSS -Chicago, IL: SPSS Inc.,) was used for statistical analysis.Results:The data showed significant increase in the level of pain at 4 hours, 24 hours, and 3 days from separator placement. The elastomeric separators produced significantly more separation than the spring separators and also caused maximum pain during the first 3 days after insertion. However, there was no significant difference between the score of pain between two separators at all time intervals.Conclusion:Both elastomeric and spring separators showed comparative levels of pain and discomfort during the early phase of separation. Elastomeric separators were found to be more effective in tooth separation than spring separators. However, further studies are necessary to substantiate this preliminary observation.

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“…[10][11][12] Emerging evidence suggests that orthodontic pain can be significantly influenced by routine daily activities such as physical activity. 26 Thus, it can be hypothesized that day time engagement in routine physical activities at schools (as most orthodontic patients are school going children) may contribute to lower orthodontic pain perception in the afternoon, as observed in this current study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Diurnal variation in orthodontic pain: Clinical implications and pharmacological management

Sandhu

Leckie

2018

Seminars in Orthodontics

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Pain is a bio-physiological phenomenon characterized by a circadian rhythm. A better understanding of diurnal variability in orthodontic pain perception would not only enhance our knowledge about how orthodontic pain intensity fluctuates over the 24-h day, but it also has great potential to improve the clinical management of orthodontic pain. Since the administration timing of pharmacological interventions has a direct influence on their effectiveness, a sound knowledge of the timing of peak pain intensity would allow clinicians to better coordinate the administration timing of analgesics. The objective of this study was to explore and quantify the diurnal variation in orthodontic pain over a period of seven days following initial arch wires placement. A multilevel linear spline model was used for secondary data analysis. Data were obtained from an earlier published high quality randomized controlled trial involving 85 participants (42 males and 43 females; mean age 14.1 years and SD 2.0). Results showed significant diurnal variability in pain intensity during the first two days of force application for both sexes. However, females showed significantly greater diurnal variation in the pain than males. Clinical and research implications of observed diurnal variability in orthodontic pain perception are discussed.

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Effect of physical activity level on orthodontic pain perception and analgesic consumption in adolescents

Cited by 20 publications

References 27 publications

Validating the factor structure and testing measurement invariance of modified Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (Ortho-SF-MPQ) for orthodontic pain assessment

Validating the factor structure and testing measurement invariance of modified Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (Ortho-SF-MPQ) for orthodontic pain assessment

Pain and distress induced by elastomeric and spring separators in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment

Diurnal variation in orthodontic pain: Clinical implications and pharmacological management

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