A facile method is demonstrated for fabricating nanofibrillar polymers using single-walled lipid bilayer nanotubes as templates. The versatility of this method is emphasized by easy incorporation of monomer into nanotubes, sufficient stability of template structures during polymerization, and easy removal of template lipids.Organic nanotubes are now staged to revolutionize nanoarchitectonics because of their potential as alternatives to inorganic nanotubes 1 but with greater advantages, especially the high tunability in chemical functionality. Organic nanotubes can be roughly classified into biomolecules, 2 polymers, 3 and self-assemblies. 4 And among these, self-assemblies formed from lipid bilayer membranes offer great versatility as anisotropic organic media for various chemical reactions, in addition to their morphological properties. Lipid bilayer membranes have been used for the successful nanofabrication of various nanostructural polymers, e.g., polymerized nanohelical lipid bilayers, 5 helical nanoconductors by template polymerization, 6 nanocapsules from vesicles, 7 nanodisks from disk-like bilayers, 8 and so on.
9,10However, there is no example of the preparation of nanotubular polymers by using lipid bilayer nanotubes as a template, although many types of nanotubular lipid bilayers have been developed by using polymerizable lipids. 4 Here we introduce the first example of nanofibrillar tubules by template polymerization with single-walled lipid bilayer nanotubes.As the nanotube-forming lipid, we selected N 1a,5 gPP was synthesized by previously reported procedure 5,11 and we established the preparation conditions for nanotube production in this study. The typical nanotube procedure is represented as follows: (1) 10 mg of gPP was dissolved in water (2.5 mL) at 60°C by ultrasonication for 5 min and the obtained clear solution was kept at room temperature for 30 min. (2) 0.1 mL of a methanol solution with or without given amounts of monomer was added to the solution, and followed by further ultrasonication in an ice bath for 5 min. (3) Finally, the obtained solution was diluted with water to 0.5 mM gPP and aged at 10°C for an hour. Figure 1a shows a typical TEM image of the gPP aggregates without monomer prepared by the above-mentioned procedure. It is clearly seen that the obtained aggregates are 50 400 nm in length and 18.8 « 1.9 nm in outer diameter. The tubular (cylindrical) structure can be assigned on the basis of the facts that a ring-shape morphology (arrow A) corresponding to a tube terminal end is seen and the corresponding tube cavity is filled by a staining reagent, indicating that the inside wall surface of the cavity is hydrophilic. In addition, the thickness of the white part (arrow B) is 6.0 « 0.7 nm, which almost matches the bilength of gPP. These results strongly support that gPP can form nanotubules with a single-walled bilayer membrane structure.The loading of styrene into the gPP solution gave us unexpectedly interesting results. As shown in Figure 1b, onedimensional growth of the...