Effect of photoperiod on the cultural morphology of Rhizoctonia solani isolates of maize from Yogyakarta and Central Java, Indonesia

Abstract

Abstract. Budiarti SW, Lukman R, Sumardiyono C, Wibowo A, Priyatmojo A. 2019. Effect of photoperiod on the cultural morphology of Rhizoctonia solani isolates of maize from Yogyakarta and Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 2028-2038. Banded leaf and sheath blight (BLSB) caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn is a significant constraint of maize production in Indonesia, especially within the last several years. R. solani is an important soil-borne necrotrophic fungal pathogen which is known to be sensitive to different environmental conditions. The differential response of fungi to light and dark is important to study, especially of those causing disease to crop plant as it helps to reveal the factors regulating the pathogenicity of the fungus. This study aims to determine the effect of light duration on the mycelial development and sclerotia formation of R. solani isolates obtained from different locations in Yogyakarta Special Region and Central Java, Indonesia. Ten isolates of R. solani collected from different geographic regions in Yogyakarta Special Region, and Central Java from maize (nine isolates) and rice (one isolate) were exposed to three different light conditions: 12 h alternating light/dark, continuous darkness, and continuous light. Cultural morphology and sclerotial characteristics were recorded for each isolate. All isolates revealed great diversity in terms of cultural and morphological characteristics after exposure to three different light conditions. Under complete darkness, the mycelial growth phase was extended, and a fluffy mass of mycelia was produced. All isolates showed abundant growth under the 12 h alternating light/dark condition than under the continuous dark and continuous light conditions. Sclerotia were initiated earlier under the 12 h alternating light/dark condition than under other conditions. The 12 h alternating light/dark condition also induced number and heavier weight of sclerotia compared with those produced under the continuous light and continuous dark conditions. The modifications in light condition exert a significant impact on some R. solani isolates.

Revisión del estado actual de las investigaciones sobre Rhizoctonia solani Kühn

“…Garibaldi et al [17] precisaron que, en el otoño italiano, A. manihot muestra los síntomas asociados a R. solani Ag-4 hg-i. En [38] refieren que R. solani es un patógeno sensible a diferentes condiciones ambientales y que, por eso, es importante estudiar la respuesta diferencial del hongo a la luz y a la oscuridad, pues esto ayuda a dilucidar los factores que regulan la patogenicidad. Por eso, ellos expusieron aislamientos de R.solani a periodos continuos de luz, de oscuridad y periodos alternados, con lo que comprobaron que la condición de alternancia fue la que tuvo un impacto significativo sobre los aislamientos, que exhibieron crecimiento abundante y formación de esclerocios adelantada, en comparación con los otros tratamientos.…”

Diversity of Rhizoctonia solani Isolates of Rice Varieties of Ciherang, IR 64, Mekongga, and Situ Bagendit

“…Keseluruhan isolat R. solani diuji kelompok anastomosisnya menggunakan isolat tester (NGW). Isolat NGW merupakan isolat yang telah diketahui kelompok anastomosisnya yakni AG1-IA dari tanaman padi (Budiarti et al 2019). Masing-masing isolat uji dipasangkan dengan isolat tester di atas gelas preparat yang telah disterilisasi (Gambar 1).…”