Effect of phosphorus deficiency on erythrocytic morphology and function in cows

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of phosphorus (P) deficiency on the morphological and functional characteristics of erythrocytes in cows. Forty Holstein-Friesian dairy cows in mid-lactation were randomly divided into two groups of 20 each and were fed either a low-P diet (0.03% P/kg dry matter [DM]) or a control diet (0.36% P/kg DM). Red blood cell (RBC) indices results showed RBC and mean corpuscular hemoglobin decreased while mean corpuscular volume increased significantly (p < 0.05) in P-deficient cows. Erythrocyte morphology showed erythrocyte destruction in P-deficient cows. Erythrocytes' functional characteristics results showed total bilirubin and indirect bilirubin concentrations and aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase activity levels in the serum of P-deficient cows were significantly higher than those in control diet-fed cows. Activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in erythrocytes were lower, while the malondialdehyde content was greater, in P-deficient cows than in control diet-fed cows. Na+/K+-ATPase and Mg2+-ATPase activities were lower in P-deficient cows than in control diet-fed cows; however, Ca2+-ATPase activity was not significantly different. The phospholipid composition of the erythrocyte membrane changed and membrane fluidity rigidified in P-deficient cows. The results indicate that P deficiency might impair erythrocyte integrity and functional characteristics in cows.

Clinical Features of Post-Parturient Hemoglobinuria in Dairy Cattle and Buffaloes: A Review

“…A recent study has been found that in hypophosphatic animals; the phospholipid structure of erythrocyte membrane changed and their membrane liquidity inflexible. Therefore, the phosphorous deficiency might destroy the erythrocyte integrity and their working characteristic in dairy cattle and buffaloes [5], however, severe intracellular phosphorous evacuation is recognized to increase the osmotic friability of the RBC.…”

“…In the phosphorous deficient group the proteins of erythrocyte membranes become damage and significantly change in both structure and functions [5] [31].…”

“…However, serum phosphorous, copper and selenium were significantly (P < 0.001) decreased, while molybdenum (P < 0.001) were increased in the affected animal in compare to the healthy animals [9]. Furthermore, Zhang et al [5] reported that reduction of inorganic phosphorous in feed is directly affecting RBC function which results in significant decrease in the number of RBC and the lev-…”

“…However, the risk is also elevated during the parturient period. Moreover, hypophosphatemia in cattle is also incident at the beginning of lactation is widely believed that along with parturient downer cow syndrome and milk fever [5]. The incidence of hemoglobinuria was found to be higher in buffalos comparing to the cross bread cows in their third lactation with the maximum incidence in the winter season [6].…”

The possibility of using citric phosphate dextrose in chilling ram semen instead of egg yolk and soybean lecithin to improve fertility

“…Our finding supports with Freitas, Vijayaraghavan, and Fardilha (2017) who clarify that adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the main source of energy in any live cells, it is made up of adenosine connect with three phosphate groups and the energy derived from ATP which carried in the phosphate chemical bonds when these bonds are broken energy is released. Also, phosphate is located in CPD perhaps played a vital role in preventing deleterious alteration to the sperm cell membrane as well as human blood cells by providing phosphate structure to cell walls, safeguarding buffer systems and supplying energy substrate (Zhang et al, 2017). Moreover, Meledeo et al (2019) observed that using of CPD in chilling human blood cells up to 0, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days, the pH level could be reached up to 7.19, 7.07, 6.93, 6.81, 6.74, 6.69 and 6.56 and the lactate concentration was 1.…”