Effect of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer on crop response and soil fertility in a long-term experiment

Li, Rengang; Barber, S. A.

doi:10.1007/bf01050674

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Therefore, the response to P fertilization in such experiments must be considered a function of current P fertilization as well as of residual P accumulated in the soil since the beginning of the trial. The most important outcome of the present experiments may indeed be the documentation of the phenomenon that the apparent response to P fertilization was increasing over time, as was also reported by Li and Barber (1988). However, it must be pointed out that the phenomenon was due to the depletion of the plots receiving no P fertilization, which was used as the reference level.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Effect of different rates of P fertilization on the yield and P status of the soil in two long-term field experiments

Yli‐Halla

1989

AFSci

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Two field experiments on P fertilization were conducted on clay soils in Southern Finland. The rates of P applied yearly in granular NPK fertilizers were 0, 13/16, 26/32, 47/56 and 60/72 kg P/ha in 1974—82/1983 —85. Oats, barley, spring wheat and winter wheat were grown, in two years also oil seed crops. In one experiment, the maximum yield of cereal grains in the first nine years (4 460 kg/ha) was reached at the P rate of 13 kg/ha, but thereafter at 32 kg P/ha. The average difference between the maximum yields and the ones obtained without P fertilization was 470 kg/ha (12 %) in 1974—80, but during the last four years the difference increased to 1 360 kg/ha (40 %), owing to the depletion of P in the plots not fertilized with P. Also in the other experiment, in which the maximum yield of cereal grains (4 790 kg/ha) was obtained at the P rate of 26/32 kg/ha, the response to P fertilization increased towards the end of the trial, the mean response during the last three years being 570 kg/ha (12 %). Phosphorus fertilization, up to the P level at which the maximum yield was reached, decreased the moisture content of cereal grains at harvest. The quantity of P extracted with 0.5 M NH4-acetate-0.5 M acetic acid (pH 4.65) decreased in the plots not fertilized with P, from 5.8 mg/l to 2.2 mg/l and from 6.2 mg/l to 1.8 mg/l in the course of the two trials. The original level of acetate-extractable P was somewhat maintained but not elevated by P rates of 26/32, 47/56 and 60/72 kg/ha. Residual P was recovered mainly in the fractions extractable with NH4F (“Al-P”) and NaOH (“Fe-P”).

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Effect of different rates of P fertilization on the yield and P status of the soil in two long-term field experiments

Yli‐Halla

1989

AFSci

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“…Uptake occurs much more readily for K + than for Ca 2 + or Mg 2 + because of greater membrane permeability further enhanced at low concentrations by active diffusion, while specialized transport systems selective for K rapidly distribute this nutrient in the plant 33,107 . Under these circumstances, and considering the ubiquitous nature of K, it becomes clear why many years can be required to induce fertilizer K response in long-term static plot experiments 59,60,71,77,108 (see also supplemental references [46][47][48][49][50][51][52] for the online version of the paper). On the basis of such findings, there is little reason to expect economically viable crop response to shorter periods of K fertilization that limit check-plot depletion, and a far lower likelihood of response in a production setting where the entire field shares the same history of regular fertilizer K inputs.…”

Section: Fertilizer Value Of Potassium Chloridementioning

confidence: 99%

The potassium paradox: Implications for soil fertility, crop production and human health

Khan

Mulvaney

Ellsworth

2013

Renew. Agric. Food Syst.

100

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Intensive fertilizer usage of KCl has been inculcated as a prerequisite for maximizing crop yield and quality, and relies on a soil test for exchangeable K in the plow layer to ensure that soil productivity will not be limited by nutrient depletion. The interpretive value of this soil test was rigorously evaluated by: (1) field sampling to quantify biweekly changes and seasonal trends, (2) characterizing the variability induced by air drying and the dynamic nature of soil K reserves and (3) calculating the K balance in numerous cropping experiments. These evaluations leave no alternative but to question the practical utility of soil K testing because test values cannot account for the highly dynamic interchange between exchangeable and non-exchangeable K, exhibit serious temporal instability with or without air drying and do not differentiate soil K buildup from depletion. The need for routine K fertilization should also be questioned, considering the magnitude and inorganic occurrence of profile reserves, the recycling of K in crop residues and the preferential nature of K uptake. An extensive survey of more than 2100 yield response trials confirmed that KCl fertilization is unlikely to increase crop yield. Contrary to the inculcated perception of KCl as a qualitative commodity, more than 1400 field trials predominately documented a detrimental effect of this fertilizer on the quality of major food, feed and fiber crops, with serious implications for soil productivity and human health.

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“…high‐resolution soil surveys and spatially and temporally intensive soil testing results), current recommendations are not well tailored to known soil‐ and crop‐specific differences in UE. Long‐term studies in Indiana suggest that additional rates of 7.5–20 kg ha −1 are required to increase available K in actively farmed soils by 1 mg kg −1 for a range of major agronomic soils (Li and Barber 1988 and ongoing studies) but recommendations call for only 4.5–7.5 kg ha −1 (Vitosh et al 1995) to achieve this change. The reason for this clear disconnection between the recommendations for K management and the observations of local soil responses has been difficult to discern.…”

Section: Conclusion: Managing Plant Nutrition In a Changed Climatementioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of climate change on crop nutrient and water use efficiencies

Brouder

Volenec

2008

Physiologia Plantarum

128

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Implicit in discussions of plant nutrition and climate change is the assumption that we know what to do relative to nutrient management here and now but that these strategies might not apply in a changed climate. We review existing knowledge on interactive influences of atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration, temperature and soil moisture on plant growth, development and yield as well as on plant water use efficiency (WUE) and physiological and uptake efficiencies of soil-immobile nutrients. Elevated atmospheric CO(2) will increase leaf and canopy photosynthesis, especially in C3 plants, with minor changes in dark respiration. Additional CO(2) will increase biomass without marked alteration in dry matter partitioning, reduce transpiration of most plants and improve WUE. However, spatiotemporal variation in these attributes will impact agronomic performance and crop water use in a site-specific manner. Nutrient acquisition is closely associated with overall biomass and strongly influenced by root surface area. When climate change alters soil factors to restrict root growth, nutrient stress will occur. Plant size may also change but nutrient concentration will remain relatively unchanged; therefore, nutrient removal will scale with growth. Changes in regional nutrient requirements will be most remarkable where we alter cropping systems to accommodate shifts in ecozones or alter farming systems to capture new uses from existing systems. For regions and systems where we currently do an adequate job managing nutrients, we stand a good chance of continued optimization under a changed climate. If we can and should do better, climate change will not help us.

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Effect of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer on crop response and soil fertility in a long-term experiment

Cited by 12 publications

References 3 publications

Effect of different rates of P fertilization on the yield and P status of the soil in two long-term field experiments

Effect of different rates of P fertilization on the yield and P status of the soil in two long-term field experiments

The potassium paradox: Implications for soil fertility, crop production and human health

Impact of climate change on crop nutrient and water use efficiencies

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