Effect of phosphorus addition on the sintering and dielectric properties of Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3

High Strain Piezoelectric Multilayer Actuators?A Material Science and Engineering Challenge

“…There are a large number of fluxes that have been considered in the sintering of piezoelectric ceramics [39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47]. Some of these are summarized in Table 2.…”

Effects of CuO addition on the electrical responses of the low-temperature sintered Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3–Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3 ceramics

“…The addition of dopant which improves solid-state sintering, and the addition of oxides and compounds which have low melting point for liquid-phase sintering are the most popular methods [8][9][10]. Zhang et al have observed that the addition of LiBiO 2 to Pb(Sc 1/2 Nb 1/2 )O 3 -PbTiO 3 lowered the sintering temperature by 400 • C, but the low-fired Pb(Sc 1/2 Nb 1/2 )O 3 -PbTiO 3 with 1 wt.% LiBiO 2 addition showed poor Q m [11].…”

Impedance and piezoelectric constants of phosphorous-incorporated Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 ceramics

“…1 depicts the XRD pattern of PZT powder prepared via the mixed route. In contrast to citrate-nitrate gel route [6], where titanium was added as titania in the gel itself, the mixed route employed in the present case provided a phase pure powder. After sintering, where P 2 O 5 acted as a liquid-phase sintering aid [6], the maximum in densification [as a percentage of measured true density of PZT (7.75 g cm À3 )] was achieved for 1 wt.% P 2 O 5 addition (Fig.…”

“…Initially, a homogeneous fine mixture of PbZrO 3 (PZ) and PbO of molar ratio 0.52 to 0.48 was made by citrate-nitrate gel method. The detail of the processing steps has been given elsewhere [6]. Incidentally, in the citrate nitrate gel, titanium cannot be incorporated as titanium nitrate because it precipitates out during the gelling process at an elevated temperature.…”

“…al. [6] reported that a small amount of phosphorous addition (as P 2 O 5 ) can improve the sintering of the PZT ceramics. Hence, it is worthwhile to study the impedance and piezoelectric characteristics of phosphorousincorporated PZT ceramics because lower impedance of the samples can lead to higher loss and difficulties in poling [7] and higher piezoelectric strain constant d 33 (and also piezoelectric voltage constant g 33 ) is desired in almost all the piezoelectric applications.…”