Effect of Phenolation, Lignin-Type and Degree of Substitution on the Properties
of Lignin-Modified Phenol-Formaldehyde Impregnation Resins:
Molecular Weight Distribution, Wetting Behavior, Rheological Properties
and Thermal Curing Profiles

Th閎ault, Marion; Kutuzova, L. V.; Jury, Sandra; Eicher, Iris; Zikulnig-Ruschand, Edith-Martha; Kandelbauer, reas

doi:10.32604/jrm.2020.09616

Cited by 24 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…Other reasons explained later also contribute to such an acceleration effect. Several different research groups have indicated that modified LPF resin cures at lower temperatures and faster than a PF resin [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison among Lignin Modification Methods on the Properties of Lignin–Phenol–Formaldehyde Resin as Wood Adhesive

Younesi-Kordkheili

Pizzi

2021

Polymers

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The research aim of this work is to determine the influence of lignin modification methods on lignin–phenol–formaldehyde (LPF) adhesive properties. Thus, glyoxal (G), phenol (P), ionic liquid (IL), and maleic anhydride (MA) were used to modify lignin. The modified lignins were used for phenol substitution (50 wt%) in phenol–formaldehyde adhesives. The prepared resins were then used for the preparation of wood particleboard. These LPF resins were characterized physicochemically, namely by using standard methods to determine gel time, solids content, density, and viscosity, thus the physicochemical properties of the LPF resins synthesized. The panels dimensional stability, formaldehyde emission, bending modulus, bending strength, and internal bond (IB) strength were also measured. MA-modified lignin showed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) the lowest temperature of curing than the resins with non-modified lignin and modified with IL, phenolared lignin, and glyoxal. LPF resins with lignin treated with maleic anhydride presented a shorter gel time, higher viscosity, and solids content than the resins with other lignin modifications. Equally, the particleboard panels prepared with LPF resins with maleic anhydride or with ionic liquid had the lowest formaldehyde emission and the highest mechanical strength among all the synthesized resins. The dimensional stability of all panels bonded with modified lignin LPF resins presented no difference of any significance.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison among Lignin Modification Methods on the Properties of Lignin–Phenol–Formaldehyde Resin as Wood Adhesive

Younesi-Kordkheili

Pizzi

2021

Polymers

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“…The penetration behavior of the resins into décor paper was characterized using recently patented equipment 37 . This device was used so far for investigating the penetration times through Kraft paper of phenol‐formaldehyde 29 and lignin substituted phenol‐formaldehyde 30 resins. The measurement principle is based on the changes in conductivity upon paper imbibition.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The penetration behavior of resin into a standard reference decorative paper sheet was investigated using a self‐made penetration time measurement device. The working principle of the device is described in detail in earlier publications 29,30,37,40 . In short, this method is based on exploiting the differences in electrical conductivity between dry and resin‐wetted paper samples.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, the technological features studied are mainly focused on mechanical strength and hydrolytic stability of the resulting boards. In contrast, impregnation resins are much less well characterized and despite their economic importance only few studies are found focusing on the technological profile important for paper impregnation 29–33 and surface coating 8,23,34–36 . The present article intends to fill this gap to some extent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Response surface optimization for improving the processing behavior of melamine formaldehyde impregnation resins

Seidl

Weiss

Zikulnig-Rusch

et al. 2020

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Melamine‐formaldehyde resins are widely used for decorative paper impregnation. Resin properties relevant for impregnation are mainly determined already at the stage of resin synthesis by the applied reaction conditions. Thus, understanding the relationship between reaction conditions and technological properties is important. Response surface methodology based on orthogonal parameter level variations is the most suitable tool to identify and quantify factor effects and deduce causal correlation patterns. Here, two major process factors of MF resin synthesis were systematically varied using such a statistical experimental design. To arrive at resins having a broad range of technological properties, initial pH and M:F ratio were varied in a wide range (pH: 7.9–12.1; M:F ratio: 1:1.5–1:4.5). The impregnation behavior of the resins was modeled using viscosity, penetration rate and residual curing capacity as technological responses. Based on the response surface models, nonlinear and synergistic action of process factors was quantified and a suitable process window for preparing resins with favorable impregnation performance was defined. It was found that low M:F ratios (~1:2–1:2.5) and comparatively high starting pHs (~pH 11) yield impregnation resins with rapid impregnation behavior and good residual curing capacity.

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“…Aromatic condensation (phenolation) in an acid medium modifies lignin by altering its chemical reactivity (Taleb et al 2020;Thébault et al 2020). This is because the concentration of phenolic hydroxyl groups is increased, augmenting the number of reactive sites for polymer synthesis and functionalization (Mou et al 2020).…”

Section: Phenolationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lignin functionalization strategies and the potential applications of its derivatives – A Review

Suota

Kochepka

Moura

et al. 2021

BioRes

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Lignin is one of the most important and widespread carbon sources on Earth. Significant amounts of lignin are delivered to the market by pulp mills and biorefineries, and there have been many efforts to develop routes for its valorization. Over the years, lignin has been used to produce biobased chemicals, materials, and advanced biofuels on the basis of its variable functionalities and physicochemical properties. Today, lignin’s applications are still limited by its heterogeneity, variability, and low reactivity. Thus, modification technologies have been developed to allow lignin to be suitable for a wider range of attractive industrial applications. The most common modifications used for this purpose include amination, methylation, demethylation, phenolation, sulfomethylation, oxyalkylation, acylation or esterification, epoxidation, phosphorylation, nitration, and sulfonation. This article reviews the chemistry involved in these lignin modification technologies, discussing their effect on the finished product while presenting some market perspectives and future outlook to utilize lignin in sustainable biorefineries.

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Effect of Phenolation, Lignin-Type and Degree of Substitution on the Properties of Lignin-Modified Phenol-Formaldehyde Impregnation Resins: Molecular Weight Distribution, Wetting Behavior, Rheological Properties and Thermal Curing Profiles

Cited by 24 publications

References 0 publications

A Comparison among Lignin Modification Methods on the Properties of Lignin–Phenol–Formaldehyde Resin as Wood Adhesive

A Comparison among Lignin Modification Methods on the Properties of Lignin–Phenol–Formaldehyde Resin as Wood Adhesive

Response surface optimization for improving the processing behavior of melamine formaldehyde impregnation resins

Lignin functionalization strategies and the potential applications of its derivatives – A Review

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