Effect of pH on Hydrogen Peroxide Bleaching Agents

Frysh, Howard; Bowles, William H.; Baker, Frank L.; Rivera‐Hidalgo, Francisco; Guillén, Guillermo Alejandro Sánchez

doi:10.1111/j.1708-8240.1995.tb00730.x

Cited by 57 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…It has been reported that HP delivered in an alkaline medium increases the bleaching effectiveness. 22 For instance, in a pH of 9, the dissociation rate of the HP was shown to be 2.7 times higher than in an acidic solution 22 (pH=4.4), most probably due to the fact that the dissociation constant (pKa) of the HP is around 11.5.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of and Effect on Tooth Sensitivity of In-office Bleaching Gel Concentrations: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Reis

Kossatz

Martins

et al. 2013

Operative Dentistry

101

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A Reis S Kossatz GC Martins AD LoguercioClinical RelevanceFaster bleaching was observed with Whiteness HP Blue 35 (35% hydrogen peroxide) and tooth sensitivity was similar to that found with the lower concentration Whiteness HP Blue 20 (20% hydrogen peroxide). These results cannot be extrapolated to other in-office 35% hydrogen peroxide gels. SUMMARYWith the aim of reducing the side effects of inoffice bleaching agents, less-concentrated hydrogen peroxide (HP) gels have been released by manufacturers. We evaluated the tooth sensitivity (TS) and bleaching efficacy (BE) of two HP concentrations in this study. Gels containing 35% and 20% HP (HP35 and HP20, respectively) were applied on teeth of 60 caries-free patients. Color was recorded at baseline and one week after the first and second bleaching sessions using the Vita Classical shade guide. TS was recorded on a 0-4 scale. BE at each weekly recall was evaluated by Kruskall-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests (a=0.05). Absolute risk of TS and its intensity was evaluated by Fisher exact and Mann-

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of and Effect on Tooth Sensitivity of In-office Bleaching Gel Concentrations: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Reis

Kossatz

Martins

et al. 2013

Operative Dentistry

101

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“…8,13 Because of the absence of an electron on the last layer, the oxygen (O ) -free radicals -are extremely electrophilic and diffuse throughout enamel and dentin matrix to attack the macromolecules of pigments (organic molecules) and acquire stability. 7,8 Then, the intrinsic pigments composed by highly unsaturated organic macromolecules are transformed into less complex molecules, which are smaller, simpler and lighter than the original ones. 8 However, this reaction is unspecific, and the organic and inorganic matrix of the enamel and dentin might be affected by the bleaching agents, and undesirable effects such as topography alterations and mineral loss may occur.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of thickener agents on dental enamel microhardness submitted to at-home bleaching

2007

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Dental bleaching occurs due to an oxidation reaction between the bleaching agents and the macromolecules of pigments in the teeth. This reaction is unspecific and the peroxides can also affect the dental matrix causing mineral loss. On the other hand, recent studies have suggested that the thickener agent carbopol can also cause mineral loss. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate in vitro the effect of at-home dental bleaching on dental enamel microhardness after the use of bleaching agents with and without carbopol as a thickener agent. Bovine dental slabs with 3 x 3 x 3 mm were obtained, sequentially polished, and randomly divided into 4 groups according to the experimental treatment: G1: 2% carbopol; G2: 10% carbamide peroxide with carbopol; G3: carbowax; G4: 10% carbamide peroxide with poloxamer. Bleaching was performed daily for 4 weeks, immersed in artificial saliva. Enamel microhardness values were obtained before the treatment (T0) and 7 (T1), 14 (T2), 21 (T3), 28 (T4), and 42 (T5) days after the beginning of the treatment. ANOVA and Tukey's test revealed statistically significant differences only for the factor Time (F = 5.48; p < 0.01). All bleaching and thickener agents caused no alterations on the enamel microhardness.

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“…11,12 Because of their electron-deficient state, these free radicals diffuse into organic matrix of the pigments by penetrating the enamel and dentin and become stable. 11,13 After this, there is transformation of unsaturated organic molecules into smaller components and it is a very nonspecific reaction and the bleaching agents alter the components of enamel and dentin and structural changes occur in them.…”

Section: 5005/jp-journals-10024-1837mentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro comparison of impact of different bleaching Agents on the microhardness of Enamel

Dey

Pandey

Kumar³

et al. 2016

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice

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Background: Various agents are used these days for increasing the esthetics. One such procedure is bleaching that offers various advantages, as it is minimal invasive and cheap option to color the teeth and remove stain. The altered enamel after the bleaching process shows surface demineralization and porosities. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of different bleaching agents on the microhardness of enamel. Materials and methods:A total of 100 freshly human extracted maxillary premolar teeth were selected for the study. Teeth with sound tooth structure were included for the study. All the specimens were randomly divided into four groups with 25 specimens in each group depending upon the type of bleaching agent used: Group A, artificial saliva (Control group); Group B, 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP); Group C, 25% HP; Group D, 10% carbamide peroxide (CP). Knoop Hardness Number (KHN) was calculated at 24, 48-hour, and 7-week interval.

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Effect of pH on Hydrogen Peroxide Bleaching Agents

Cited by 57 publications

References 10 publications

Efficacy of and Effect on Tooth Sensitivity of In-office Bleaching Gel Concentrations: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Efficacy of and Effect on Tooth Sensitivity of In-office Bleaching Gel Concentrations: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Effect of thickener agents on dental enamel microhardness submitted to at-home bleaching

In vitro comparison of impact of different bleaching Agents on the microhardness of Enamel

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