Effect of pH and level of concentrate in the diet on the production of biohydrogenation intermediates in a dual-flow continuous culture

Fuentes, Mari Carmen; Calsamiglia, S.; Cardozo, P. W.; Vlaeminck, Bruno

doi:10.3168/jds.2008-1722

Cited by 101 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(55 reference statements)

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“…Importantly, shifts in ruminal bacteria and BH intermediates (i.e. elevations in the concentration of milk trans10-18:1 at the expense of trans11-18:1) are caused by low ruminal pH (Qiu et al, 2004;Fuentes et al, 2009), or by a direct toxic effect of PUFA on bacteria (Bauman and Griinari, 2001;Maia et al, 2007). In agreement with previous studies (Chilliard et al, 2009;Mohammed et al, 2011), trans10-18:1 was negatively associated with CH 4 in the present study, whereas trans11-18:1 was not correlated (Table 3).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of enteric methane emissions from Holstein dairy cows fed various forage sources

Rico

Chouinard

Hassanat

et al. 2016

animal

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Milk fatty acid (FA) profile has been previously used as a predictor of enteric CH 4 output in dairy cows fed diets supplemented with plant oils, which can potentially impact ruminal fermentation. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationships between milk FA and enteric CH 4 emissions in lactating dairy cows fed different types of forages in the context of commonly fed diets. A total of 81 observations from three separate 3 × 3 Latin square design (32-day periods) experiments including a total of 27 lactating cows (96 ± 27 days in milk; mean ± SD) were used. Dietary forages were included at 60% of ration dry matter and were as follows: (1) 100% corn silage, (2) 100% alfalfa silage, (3) 100% barley silage, (4) 100% timothy silage, (5) 50 : 50 mix of corn and alfalfa silages, (6) 50 : 50 mix of barley and corn silages and (7) 50 : 50 mix of timothy and alfalfa silages. Enteric CH 4 output was measured using respiration chambers during 3 consecutive days. Milk was sampled during the last 7 days of each period and analyzed for components and FA profile. Test variables included dry matter intake (DMI; kg/day), NDF (%), ether extract (%), milk yield (kg/day), milk components (%) and individual milk FA (% of total FA). Candidate multivariate models were obtained using the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator and Least-Angle Regression methods based on the Schwarz Bayesian Criterion. Data were then fitted into a random regression using the MIXED procedure including the random effects of cow, period and study. A positive correlation was observed between CH 4 and DMI (r = 0.59, P < 0.001), whereas negative associations were observed between CH 4 and cis9-17:1 (r = − 0.58, P < 0.001), and trans8, cis13-18:2 (r = − 0.51, P < 0.001). Three different candidate models were selected and the best fit candidate model predicted CH 4 with a coefficient of determination of 0.84 after correction for cow, period and study effects and was: CH 4 (g/day) = 319.7 − 57.4 × 15:0 − 13.8 × cis9-17:1 − 39.5 × trans10-18:1 − 59.9 × cis11-18:1 − 253.1 × trans8, cis12-18:2 − 642.7 × trans8, cis13-18:2 − 195.7 × trans11, cis15-18:2 + 16.5 × DMI. Overall and linear prediction biases of all models were not significant ( P > 0.19). Milk FA profile and DMI can be used to predict CH 4 emissions in dairy cows across a wide range of dietary forage sources.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of enteric methane emissions from Holstein dairy cows fed various forage sources

Rico

Chouinard

Hassanat

et al. 2016

animal

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“…In this study the trans-10 isomers were associated with a decline in milk fat (%) from 3.89 to 3.25 (Steele et al, 2012). During acidosis, these FA are a result of intermediates from a secondary biohydrogenation pathway of C18:2 n-6 (Fuentes et al, 2009). An increase in ruminally derived trans-10 isomer is closely linked with milk fat depression, (Bauman and Griinari, 2003).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…Baumgard et al (2000) detected a relationship in milk fat depression and increases in trans-10 cis-12 and C18:1 trans-10. In addition Fuentes et al (2009), also demonstrated that a pH of 5.6 decreased the trans-11 C18:1 and cis-9, trans-11 CLA; and increased the concentration of trans-10 C18:1, trans-10 cis 15 C18:2 and trans-10, cis-12 CLA. These studies indicate that the biohydrogenation intermediated FA in milk could be indicators the presence of SARA, as they are closely linked to rumen pH.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 77%

The Effects of Subacute Ruminal Acidosis on Milk Fatty Acid Profile in Dairy Cattle

Mitchell¹,

AlZahal²,

Or-Rashid³

et al. 2016

American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

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Abstract:The objective of this experiment was to examine the effect of Subacute Ruminal Acidosis (SARA) on milk fatty acid (FA) profiles with emphasis on odd-chain and branched-chain FA. Sixteen multiparous Holstein dairy cows (618±35 kg of body weight, 221±32 days in milk) were used in a randomized complete-block design. During week 1, all cows received a high-forage diet (90% chopped grass hay, 5% grain mix, 5% protein supplement, dry-basis; HF). During weeks 2 through 4, cows either continued receiving the HF diet or received a low-fiber diet (38% chopped grass hay, 57% grain mix, 5% protein supplement, dry-basis; LF). Milk yield and dry matter intake were recorded daily, milk samples were collected twice weekly and ruminal pH was continuously recorded during the last 48 h of each week. Statistical analysis was conducted on weekly measuring Proc Mixed of SAS accounting for repeated measurement. The model included the fixed effects of diet, week, their interaction and block. Helmert contrasts were used to describe the difference between treatments over time. The dietary treatment induced a significant difference over time between treatments (diet by week 1 Vs. average week 2, 3 and 4; p<0.05). The treatment reduced (p<0.05) milk fat concentration (g100g −1 ) of branched-chain FA (including 14:0 iso, 15:0 iso, 15:0 anteiso, 16:0 iso and 17:0 iso), 18:0, trans-11 18:1,cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), 18:3 n-3, 20:0, cis-11 20:1, 20:4 n-3,22:0 and 24:0. The treatment increased (p<0.05) milk fat concentration (g100g −1 ) of odd-chain FA (including 11:0 and 13:0), 12:0, 13:0 antiso, cis-9 14:1, cis-12 18:1, cis-13 18:1, trans-6-8 18:1, trans-10 18:1 and trans-12 18:1. The treatment also increased (p<0.05) the concentration of cis-9, cis-12 18:2; trans-9, cis-11 CLA; trans-10, cis-12 CLA; and 20:4n-6. The results indicate that SARA is associated with a shift in odd-chain and branched-chain FA, which can be utilized to diagnose a cow with SARA.

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“…Both the composition and amount of concentrates in the diet influences the extent of lipolysis and BH in the rumen (Palmquist et al, 2005). At least part of the influence of higher concentrate supplementation on ruminal lipid metabolism is thought to be mediated via decreases in rumen pH (Fuentes et al, 2009) and alterations in microbial communities (Weimer et al, 2010). In the present investigation, increases in the F : C ratio of diets containing SFO resulted in higher milk fat 4:0 to 12:0 concentrations, without altering milk 14:0 and 16:0 content.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fat source and dietary forage-to-concentrate ratio influences milk fatty-acid composition in lactating cows

Vazirigohar

Dehghan-Banadaky

Rezayazdi

et al. 2014

Animal

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On the basis of the potential benefits to human health there is an increased interest in producing milk containing lower-saturated fatty acid (SFA) and higher unsaturated fatty acid (FA) concentrations, including cis-9 18:1 and cis-9, trans-11-conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). Twenty-four multiparous Holstein cows were used in two experiments according to a completely randomized block design, with 21-day periods to examine the effects of incremental replacement of prilled palm fat (PALM) with sunflower oil (SFO) in highconcentrate diets containing 30 g/kg dry matter (DM) of supplemental fat (Experiment 1) or increases in the forage-to-concentrate (F : C) ratio from 39 : 61 to 48 : 52 of diets containing 30 g/kg DM of SFO (Experiment 2) on milk production, digestibility and milk FA composition. Replacing PALM with SFO had no effect on DM intake, but tended to increase organic matter digestibility, yields of milk, protein and lactose, and decreased linearly milk fat content. Substituting SFO for PALM decreased linearly milk fat 8:0 to 16:0 and cis-9 16:1, and increased linearly 18:0, cis-9 18:1, trans-18:1 (Δ4 to 16), 18:2 and CLA concentrations. Increases in the F : C ratio of diets containing SFO had no effect on intake, yields of milk, milk protein or milk lactose, lowered milk protein content in a quadratic manner, and increased linearly NDF digestion and milk fat secretion. Replacing concentrates with forages in diets containing SFO increased milk fat 4:0 to 10:0 concentrations in a linear or quadratic manner, decreased linearly cis-9 16:1, trans-6 to -10 18:1, 18:2n-6, trans-7, cis-9 CLA, trans-9, cis-11 CLA and trans-10, cis-12 CLA, without altering milk fat 14:0 to 16:0, trans-11 18:1, cis-9, trans-11 CLA or 18:3n-3 concentrations. In conclusion, replacing prilled palm fat on with SFO in highconcentrate diets had no adverse effects on intake or milk production, other than decreasing milk fat content, but lowered milk fat medium-chain SFA and increased trans FA and polyunsaturated FA concentrations. Increases in the proportion of forage in diets containing SFO increased milk fat synthesis, elevated short-chain SFA and lowered trans FA concentrations, without altering milk polyunsaturated FA content. Changes in fat yield on high-concentrate diets containing SFO varied between experiments and individual animals, with decreases in milk fat secretion being associated with increases in milk fat trans-10 18:1, trans-10, cis-12 CLA and trans-9, cis-11 CLA concentrations.

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Effect of pH and level of concentrate in the diet on the production of biohydrogenation intermediates in a dual-flow continuous culture

Cited by 101 publications

References 44 publications

Prediction of enteric methane emissions from Holstein dairy cows fed various forage sources

Prediction of enteric methane emissions from Holstein dairy cows fed various forage sources

The Effects of Subacute Ruminal Acidosis on Milk Fatty Acid Profile in Dairy Cattle

Fat source and dietary forage-to-concentrate ratio influences milk fatty-acid composition in lactating cows

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