Effect of Petroleum Products on the Larvicidal Activity of Aedes Mosquitoes in Ika North-East LGA, Delta State, Nigeria

Abstract

Aims: The recent yellow fever outbreak in Delta State, especially in Ika North East local government, triggered the need for this study. Background: Diseases caused by Aedes are by far raising serious concerns in the world. Objective: To evaluate the larvicidal activity on the use of petroleum products in the control of Aedes mosquitoes. Methods: Mosquito species were collected using 350ml deep ladle and identified in the field using their resting positions in their local habitats. Larvae and pupae were separately exposed to 0.005, 0.01, and 0.02%ml of kerosene and petrol in single and mixed forms. The experimental sets were triplicated. Data was analyzed using ANOVA and Turkey’s test to compare mortality, and time of mortality. LC50 and LC95 were computed using Probit analysis. Results: Results revealed that all concentrations of treatment caused complete mortality in larvae except in 0.005%ml and 0.01%ml of kerosene alone and kerosene and petrol mixture at 50 minutes of exposure. All concentrations of treatment equally caused complete mortality in pupae except in 0.005%ml of kerosene (Mean= 10.00) at 30 minutes. The differences between mortality and time mortality records were significant (p< 0.05). Kerosene and petrol mixture and kerosene alone had the lower LC50 and LC95 0.0021 and 0.0088ml respectively in the larvae group. Kerosene and petrol mixture had lower LC50 and LC95 0.0037 and 0.0050, respectively. Conclusion: Therefore, scaling up this intervention on a large scale in endemic areas would reduce larvae density and disease outbreaks.

Insecticidal effectiveness of naphthalene and its combination with kerosene against the emergence of Aedes aegypti in Ika North East, LGA, Delta State, Nigeria

“…aegypti mosquitoes in Ika North East LGA, Delta State, Nigeria. We found a pattern of increased mortality and reduced adult emergence in the concentrations of naphthalene and its combination with kerosene, which is similar to that reported in their use on subterranean termites in laboratory conditions ( Ojianwuna et al, 2021a , Ojianwuna et al, 2021b ). Similar observation of high effectiveness was made in the study of Enwemiwe et al (2020) , where combination of kerosene and naphthalene was used in the treatment of flea lesions on the body of heavily, moderately and mildly infected persons in Igbokoda, Ondo State, Nigeria.…”

“…Adult mosquito resistance to one or more of these recommended insecticides has been reported in WHO endemic regions. It is in considering this resistance that vector control intervention now clamours for not only newer technologies targeting mosquitoes but also the combination of recommended insecticides with other insecticide classes to boost the effectiveness and even the use of synergists (piperonyl butoxide) and integrated approaches ( Ononamadu et al, 2020 ; Chukwuekezie et al, 2020 ; Ojianwuna et al, 2021a , Ojianwuna et al, 2021b ). Other new control technologies include: the use of the transfer of genetic elements ( Bourtzis et al, 2016 ), exploring the potentials of the bacterium Wolbachia through testing the compatibility of the mosquito cytoplasm especially Aedes ( Lees et al, 2015 ; Yakob and Walker, 2016 ), eco-friendly sterile techniques ( Lees et al, 2014 ) and their breeding sites through the introduction of mosquito-eating fishes; Gambusia sp.…”

“…These harsh environmental conditions due to oil spillage in breeding sites, agricultural pesticide run off, spraying insecticides indoors with windows opened leading to escape of mosquitoes intended to be killed and irregular use of recommended control options. Anopheles complexes, Culex complexes and Aedes complexes are the major genera reported with insecticide resistance in several studies ( Ononamadu et al, 2020 ; Chukwuekezie et al, 2020 ; Ojianwuna et al, 2021a , Ojianwuna et al, 2021b ). Majority of which are domicile in WHO African regions.…”

“…Naphthalene is also a naturally occurring organic substance and kerosene is one vital mineral oil in Nigeria. These substances were chosen due to their availability, affordability and that they have been proven to cause toxicity in some insect species ( Ojianwuna et al, 2021a ; Ojianwuna et al, 2021b ). Naphthalene acts by the activation of cytochrome P450 enzyme in neuronal channel which triggers acute toxicity of neural cells ( Li et al, 2011 ).…”

Bio-Efficacy of Grounded Sesamum Radiatum and Psoralea Corylitolia on Emergence of Anopheles Gambiae and Culex Quinquefasciatus

“…Amongst these are the effects of leaf extracts from three asteraceous plants which caused complete or partial mortality. Petroleum products have equally been tried against these mosquitoes (Ekedo et al 2019;Ojianwuna et al 2021b). Plants have been applied as topical treatment for other insect causing disease lesions either as extracted oils or grounded with positive results (Enwemiwe et al 2020.…”