Effect of permeability characterization at different boundary and flow conditions on vacuum infusion process modeling

Yalcinkaya, Mehmet; Caglar, Baris; Sozer, Emre

doi:10.1177/0731684416684211

Cited by 19 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…The literature on flow fronts provides the basis to evaluate the flow front behavior in hybrid laminates . The evaluation requires an analysis of the individual permeability of each fabric type .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The flow velocity u in Eq. 1 was used to describe the analytical model. The cross‐sectional area is determined by the thickness ( t ) and width of each fabric ( w ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The integration of previous equation yields the expression of the permeability in Eq. 2 . The permeability is obtained by plotting the squared distance versus time .

u = - \frac{K}{μ} \frac{normalΔ P}{normalΔ L}

K = \frac{φμ}{2 P_{inj}} \frac{x^{2}}{t}

in which K is the permeability (m 2 ), u is the flow velocity (m∙s −1 ), Δ P /Δ L is the pressure per unit length (Pa∙m −1 ), μ is the flow viscosity (Pa∙s), φ is the fabric porosity, x is the horizontal impregnation distance (m), P inj is the injection pressure (Pa), and t is the time (s).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Hybrid‐permeability model evaluation through concepts of tortuosity and resistance rate: Properties of manufactured hybrid laminate

Monticeli¹,

Vidal²,

Shiino

et al. 2019

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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The mechanical properties of composite structures depend on the preform impregnation and a successful impregnation can be achieved using the permeability relation in the case of an infusion process. The objective of this study is to develop an analytical model to predict the permeability K of carbon and glass fabrics through hybrid laminate using different stacking sequence, applying an average-permeability model. Preforms permeabilities were evaluated through tortuosity and void-volume fraction. The model allows the analysis of different stacking sequence combinations (interleaved and in block), measuring the contribution of each material type. As a result, hybrid average-permeability model was validated through experimental permeability tests, dimensionless permeability, and tortuosity results, besides enabling predictions of the flow front behavior with <10% of deviation. Carbon fiber preforms exhibited higher flow resistance, which is explained via tortuosity concept. A combination of carbon/glass preforms presented an increased permeability, which means a synergy that provides higher value of K. In addition, the use of hybrid preforms, especially Hybrid 2 stacking sequence, reduce the injection time and void formation, ensuring composite impregnation quality. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 59:1215-1222, 2019

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The flow velocity u in Eq. 1 was used to describe the analytical model. The cross‐sectional area is determined by the thickness ( t ) and width of each fabric ( w ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The integration of previous equation yields the expression of the permeability in Eq. 2 . The permeability is obtained by plotting the squared distance versus time .

u = - \frac{K}{μ} \frac{normalΔ P}{normalΔ L}

K = \frac{φμ}{2 P_{inj}} \frac{x^{2}}{t}

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Hybrid‐permeability model evaluation through concepts of tortuosity and resistance rate: Properties of manufactured hybrid laminate

Monticeli¹,

Vidal²,

Shiino

et al. 2019

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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show abstract

“…Fabrication of laminates with uniform thickness is another challenging aspect of conventional VARTM due to nonuniform evolution of compaction pressure on the preform during filling . Although compaction pressure can be equalized after filling by bleeding the excess resin from the exit , bleeding of sufficient resin is usually time consuming and may not always be completed before gelation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic pressure control in VARTM: Rapid fabrication of laminates with high fiber volume fraction and improved dimensional uniformity

2018

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The compaction pressure on the fibrous preform is one of the most critical parameters in vacuum assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM), which significantly affects the preform permeability, mold filling time, and final thickness of the fabricated composite. In this study, the compaction pressure on the vacuum bag was controlled during and after the mold filling to achieve rapid impregnation and improve the fiber volume fraction of the laminate. It was shown that the dynamic pressure control (1) enabled the manipulation of the fabric permeability and faster distribution of the resin to decrease the mold filling time, (2) improved the dimensional uniformity of the laminate by reducing the thickness variation, and (3) increased the fiber volume fraction by further consolidating the preform and removing the excess resin. One of the most essential and prominent features of the process was shown to be the resin removal from the inlet by applying external pressure, which reduced the thickness variation in laminates from 15 to 1%. The mold filling time was reduced by 48% compared with conventional VARTM, while achieving a high fiber volume fraction up to 64% and a low void content of below 1%.• The two main components of the experimental setup were the bottom aluminum mold and pressure chamber.

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“…Researchers used various methods to characterize the preform deformation during VARTM processes, e.g., the linear variable differential transducer [35,36], structured light scanner [37], and digital image correlation (DIC) [38]. To model the dynamically coupled flow moving and preform deforming, Acheson et al [39] modeled the preform as a nonlinear spring bed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling and Experimental Validation of the VARTM Process for Thin-Walled Preforms

Larsson

Rouhi

2019

Polymers

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In this paper, recent shell model is advanced towards the calibration and validation of the Vacuum-assisted Resin Transfer Molding (VARTM) process in a novel way. The model solves the nonlinear and strongly coupled resin flow and preform deformation when the 3-D flow and stress problem is simplified to a corresponding 2-D problem. In this way, the computational efficiency is enhanced dramatically, which allows for simulations of the VARTM process of large scale thin-walled structures. The main novelty is that the assumptions of the neglected through-thickness flow and the restricted preform deformation along the normal of preform surface suffice well for the thin-walled VARTM process. The model shows excellent agreement with the VARTM process experiment. With good accuracy and high computational efficiency, the shell model provides an insight into the simulation-based optimization of the VARTM process. It can be applied to either determine locations of the gate and vents or optimize process parameters to reduce the deformation.

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Effect of permeability characterization at different boundary and flow conditions on vacuum infusion process modeling

Cited by 19 publications

References 52 publications

Hybrid‐permeability model evaluation through concepts of tortuosity and resistance rate: Properties of manufactured hybrid laminate

Hybrid‐permeability model evaluation through concepts of tortuosity and resistance rate: Properties of manufactured hybrid laminate

Dynamic pressure control in VARTM: Rapid fabrication of laminates with high fiber volume fraction and improved dimensional uniformity

Modeling and Experimental Validation of the VARTM Process for Thin-Walled Preforms

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