“…, size, surface charge, interaction strength, colloidal stability) may also be altered via preparation conditions, including ionic strength, pH, concentration, solvent quality, and mixing order. [47] To overcome the aforementioned extra- and intracellular barriers, specific classes of peptides are integrated into polyplex delivery vectors, including nucleic acid complexation peptides (high lysine and arginine content), cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), membrane perturbing peptides and peptides containing nuclear localization sequences (NLSs). [46] However, the physiochemical properties of polyplexes, including phase behavior, and their effects on nucleic acid delivery are still not well understood.…”