Effect of Pentacyclic Triterpenoids-Rich Callus Extract of Chaenomeles japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. ex Spach on Viability, Morphology, and Proliferation of Normal Human Skin Fibroblasts

Abstract

The effect of the well-characterized callus extract of Chaenomeles japonica on viability, morphology, and proliferation of normal human skin fibroblasts was investigated. The phytochemical analysis was performed using the ultra-high performance liquid chromatography method. The total phenolic, phenolic acid, and flavonoid contents were determined spectrophotometrically. The antioxidant activity was investigated using the DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl Radical Scavenging), FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power), and CUPRAC (CUPric Reducing Antioxidant Capacity) assays. The callus growth index during passages was high as well as the content of pentacyclic triterpenoids. The microscopic observations of the fibroblast viability, morphology and the evaluation of the proliferation ratio (xCELLigence system) proved that the influence of callus extract on the fibroblasts was dose-dependent. The evaluated level of fibroblasts proliferation rate after 72 h of incubation with callus extract at concentration 12.5 µg L−1 was the highest compared to all the analyzed ligands. Moreover, callus extract administrated for 72 h caused a significant increase in the proliferation rate in comparison with the control group (5.7 ± 0.1 vs. 4.4 ± 0.9; p < 0.01). The preliminary studies carried out may suggest that the callus extract rich in triterpenoids may be a potential source of cosmetic ingredients with a beneficial effect on human skin.

Cytotoxic and DNA-Damaging Effects of Aronia melanocarpa, Cornus mas, and Chaenomeles superba Leaf Extracts on the Human Colon Adenocarcinoma Cell Line Caco-2

“…Chun et al [ 46 ] demonstrated the antiproliferative properties of Chaenomeles sinensis fruit extract against HepG2 cells. Kikowska et al [ 47 ] noticed that callus extract of Chaenomeles japonica decreased the proliferation of normal skin fibroblasts.…”

“…Flow cytometry revealed apoptosis and necrosis in HT-29 cells. Kikowska et al [ 47 ] investigated the effect of callus extract of C. japonica on themorphology of normal human skin fibroblasts. At a lower concentration (12.5 µg/mL), no differences were observed compared to the control.…”

Phytochemical Screening, Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Biomass from Lychnis flos-cuculi L. In Vitro Cultures and Intact Plants

“…The polyphenolic composition of calli is often low in flavonoid compounds and relatively high in phenolic acids. In the triterpenoid-compound-producing species, such as Chaenomeles japonica , several types of callus investigated by Kikowska et al [ 34 ] were similarly more abundant in phenolic acids than in flavonoids. The callus line containing the least polyphenols was especially high in pentacyclic triterpenoids.…”

Pentacyclic triterpenoids and polyphenols accumulation in cell suspension culture of Chaenomeles japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. ex Spach

“…The media variants for callus initiation and proliferation were initially tested and the four callus lines with the best growth indexes were selected for the further investigations (according to the paper [16]). Briefly, callus was inducted on young leaves (blades and petioles) of micropropagated plantlets.…”