Effect of penehyclidine hydrochloride on heart rate variability in hysteroscopy

Abstract

In order to evaluate the effect of different doses of penehyclidine hydrochloride (penehyclidine) on heart rate (HR) and HR variability (HRV) in hysteroscopy, 180 patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade I-II) were randomized equally to three groups: 0.5 mg penehyclidine and intravenous anesthesia (group I), 1.0 mg penehyclidine and intravenous anesthesia (group II) and saddle anesthesia combined with intravenous anesthesia (control group). HR and HRV, including total power (TP), low-frequency power (LF), high-frequency power (HF) and the LF to HF ratio (LF/HF), were recorded prior and subsequent to the induction of anesthesia (T and T, respectively), following the start of surgery (T) and following completion of surgery (T). HR was lower at T than at T in the control patients, but no differences were observed in groups I and II. The HR at T was increased in group II compared with that in group I. TP in group II was significantly higher compared with that in group I at T. At T and at T, the LF and HF values were lower in group I than those in the controls. Patients in group II also had higher LF and HF at T than patients in group I. The HF was higher at T than that at T in the controls; however, the HF and LF did not change significantly within groups I and II. No significant differences were observed in the LF/HF ratio among the three groups. At a dose of 0.5 mg, penehyclidine stabilized HRV and did not alter the autonomic nervous modulation of HR. A penehyclidine dose of 1.0 mg may be superior to a dose of 0.5 mg in maintaining HR, but is less effective at balancing sympathetic and parasympathetic activity.

Penehyclidine hydrochloride post‑conditioning reduces ischemia/reperfusion‑induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis in rats

“…The major benefit of PHC compared with other anticholinergic drugs is that it does not cause muscarinic 2 receptor-associated cardiovascular side effects ( 14 ). PHC stabilizes the heart rate without autonomic nervous modulation ( 15 ). Our previous study demonstrated that PHC pre-treatment reduces myocardial apoptosis in rat hearts in vivo ( 16 ); however, its mechanism of action remains unclear.…”

Pleiotropic effects and pharmacological properties of penehyclidine hydrochloride

“…PHC at a dose of 1.0 mg may be superior to 0.5 mg PHC in maintaining a stable heart rate, and reduces the incidence of bradycardia; however, the higher dose is less effective at maintaining sympathetic and parasympathetic balance. 13 Additionally, a study by Wang et al demonstrated that PHC reduced the incidence of intraoperative awareness in patients undergoing breast cancer surgery during general anesthesia. 14 …”