Effect of pawpaw (Carica papaya) seeds meal on the reproductive performance and histological characters of gonads in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Abstract

This study performed to examine the ability of pawpaw (Carica papaya) seeds to induce sterility in male and female of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Five groups were prepared; negative control group with mixed sex fish (G1) and positive control with monosex fish (G2) fed on basal diet, while G3, G4 and G5 were mixed sex fish fed on basal diet with addition of 60, 90, 120g of C. papaya seeds/kg diet, respectively. Ten fish with average weight of 30±1g were stocked at each of fifteen tanks (triplicates/treatment) with dimensions 135×50×60cm. Gonado-somatic index (GSI), egg diameter, fecundity and plasma sexual hormones level were determined and histological examination of gonads were performed. GSI, egg diameter and fecundity of treated females decreased significantly (P≤0.05) after treated and recovery months, while GSI of males was not significantly different (P≥0.05) among treatments. The levels of testosterone (T) and estradiol (E2) significantly (P≤0.05) decreased after treated and recovery months. All values decreased gradually with increasing the dose of C. papaya seeds. Histological sections showed several structural changes in testes and ovaries of the treated groups with different degree according to C. papaya seeds dose. Sections after recovery month showed that C. papaya seeds induced permanent sterility in the high dose while the low and medium doses may have reversible effect. The study concluded that, the seeds of C. papaya can be used with adjusted amount as a feed additive to control the problem of precocious maturity and breeding of O. niloticus in growing ponds instead of unfavorable and expensive hormone.

Haematology and gonad histology of Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) fed Carica papaya seed meal

“…The degree of deformities observed tends to intensify as the levels of inclusion of the PSM increased. Similar findings were noted when PSM were included in the basal diet of Nile tilapia at 120gkg -1 diets as (Abdelhak et al, 2013). The authors further opined that the significant gonadal histological changes evident in high doses were irreversible while medium as well as low dosage may have reversible effects.…”

“…Many researches in aquaculture have examined the effect of phytoestrogenous extracts in various plants on the growth, digestive and immune-stimulation systems of many animals (Francis et al, 2001;Stadtlander et al, 2008;Jegede, 2011;Abdelhak et al, 2013;Ampofo-Yeboah, 2013 Angeles andChien 2015). Only few studies considered the effect of phytoestrogens on histology of fed fish.…”

Sex‐Reversal Effect of Dietary Aloe vera (Liliaceae) on Genetically Improved Farmed Nile Tilapia Fry

“…However, Ceylon spinach (Ghosal and Chakraborty 2014a;Ghosal et al 2015), soybean Glycine max (El-Sayed et al 2012), soapbark tree Quillaja saponaria (Francis et al 2002), Tribulus terrestris (Omitoyin et al 2013), and fenugreek (Stadtlander et al 2008) extracts reportedly shifted the sex ratio in favor of male tilapia when administered through diets. Meanwhile, moringa Moringa oleifera (Ampofo-Yeboah 2013), papaya Carica papaya (Abdelhak et al 2013;Ampofo-Yeboah 2013), and Chinese hibiscus Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (Jegede 2010) extracts presented direct effects on gonad morphology and delayed maturation in tilapias.…”

Modification of pathogenic microbiota and histology of gastrointestinal tract of Archachatina marginata (Swainson, 1821) by Carica papaya seed meal

“…Possible, the extraction solvent which determines the extraction products determine toxic or non-toxic potentials of C. papaya seed extracts. More so, anti-fertility activity of the powdered C. papaya seed meal in Oreochromis niloticus has been reported (Abdelhak et al, 2013). Chloroform and ethanolic extracts of C. papaya seed induced reversible azoospermia in langur monkey (Lohiya et al, 2002) and albino rats (Madan, 2013).…”

“…In an entirely different contest, deleterious effects of extracts of seed of C. papaya from ripe and unripe fruits were made. Azoospermia, degeneration of epididymis and reduced gonad development (reduced fecundity and gonadosomatic index) were among C. papaya extact associated negative consequences (Lohiya et al, 2002;Abdelhak et al, 2013;Madan, 2013).…”